pathophysiology of asthma
What is the underlying pathophysiology of asthma? Asthma is a disease of airflow limitation. The causes include bronchoconstriction, airway edema, airway hyper-responsiveness, and airway re-modeling
Entries by Daphne Hanson
Kawasaki Disease
What is Kawasaki Disease and what is the pathophysiology? How does Kawasaki Disease cause coronary aneurysms? Kawasaki disease is a rare illness that causes inflammation in blood vessels in children. Kawasaki disease mostly affects medium-sized arteries
Sudden infant death syndrome
What is thought to be the underlying pathophysiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)? Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is thought to be caused by various factors. Inherited disorders can contribute to SIDS
Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning A 7-year-old male was referred to the school psychologist for disruptive behavior in the classroom. The parents told the psychologist that the boy has been difficult to manage at home as well. His scholastic work has gotten worse over the last 6 months and he is not meeting educational benchmarks. His parents are […]
Patent ductus arteriosus
Discuss the hemodynamic consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Failure of the patent ductus to close at birth results in blood by-passing the systemic circulation. Oxygenated blood is pumped into the lungs, resulting in pulmonary overflow and systemic hypoperfusion
Pathophysiology of myelomeningocele
What is the underlying pathophysiology of myelomeningocele? Describe the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus in infants with myelomeningocele A myelomeningocele is a severe form of spinal cord malformation, visible at birth, and the affected infant has abnormally developed cranial neural tube
Genetics of hemophilia
Explain the genetics of hemophilia. Briefly describe the pathophysiology of Hemophilia. Hemophilia is a sex-linked genetic disorder that primarily affects males. Hemophilia A and B are caused by gene mutations or deletions.
Sickle cell anemia
Discuss the genetic basis for Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive condition. Genetic mutations in the β-globin gene cause an alteration in the formation of hemoglobin by changing the sixth amino acid from glutamic acid to valine
Acute sickle cell disease
What is the pathophysiology of acute sickle cell disease (SCD) crisis? Why is pain the predominant feature of acute crises? Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs due to mutations in the β-globin gene. The result is the formation of deformed hemoglobin that triggers complications including the vaso-occlusive crisis, hemolysis, infections, pulmonary complications, and cardiovascular disease
Renal failure
How does renal failure occur in some patients with ALL? Renal failure can develop as after initiation of chemotherapy due to tumor lysis syndrome, direct drug-related injuries, and septicemia
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