When determining the lethal effects of ultraviolet radiation on bacteria, you exposed Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli to ultraviolet radiation

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When determining the lethal effects of ultraviolet radiation on bacteria, you exposed Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli to ultraviolet radiation. You know that  UV exposure causes mutations in the DNA causing pyrimidine dimers. Which of the given bacterial species will be more resistant? Explain why in terms of its characteristics and how those would contribute to resistance.

Which of the following describes the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii ?

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Which of the following describes the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii ?

a. it is a spore-forming sporozoan

b. it is often carried by rats that leave droppings in soil

c. oocysts are shed in feline feces and mature into sporocysts

d. antibiotics effectively eliminate the pathogen

 What are the hallmark characteristics of a localized inflammatory response?

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 What are the hallmark characteristics of a localized inflammatory response? How are they induced by the early innate immune response at the site of infection, and how do these characteristics contribute to an effective
innate immune response ?

Explain the pasteurization process. Do you think pasteurization necessary? Wha

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Explain the pasteurization process. Do you think pasteurization necessary? What about countries that don’t use pasteurization? How are they able to safely consume products like unpasteurized dairy products? Do you think raw milk and dairy products should be more or less available?

What is the difference between an alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation in terms of cultures used to start the fermentation?

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What is the difference between alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation in terms of cultures used to start the fermentation? What other substrates can be used to produce vinegar?

Describe two ways in which microorganisms are used by us or by scientists/industries to improve our everyday lives

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Describe two ways in which microorganisms are used by us or by scientists/industries to improve our everyday lives. This is an applied microbiology question and answers should be directed towards this rather than a normal function of microbes in the environment (including our gut microflora).

Briefly describe the process of aerobic cellular respiration.

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Briefly describe the process of aerobic cellular respiration.  How does this process differ from anaerobic cellular respiration? How are these processes similar?

Describe what you think is the most important current issue(s) involving microbes

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Describe what you think is the most important current issue(s) involving microbes and health care other than the current COVID -19 (Coronavirus) pandemic either in developed nations or in third world countries. Include in your initial post the name of the issue, a description of the issue, why the issue is so important (who it impacts, how it impacts them, 1-2 other negative consequences of the issue, and a potential solution to the issue.

What is the method of action of most antimicrobial peptides found on the skin and mucous membranes?

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What is the method of action of most antimicrobial peptides found on the skin and mucous membranes? Disrupt proteins synthesis Disrupt DNA synthesis Disrupt cell walls Disrupt enzymatic functions Disrupt membranes

What is the primary mechanism of nucleoside analog antiviral drugs?

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What is the primary mechanism of nucleoside analog antiviral drugs? Inhibit proteins synthesis Inhibit mitotic microtubules Inhibit Uncoating Inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis . Inhibit the synthesis of plasma membrane