What is parenteral delivery? Describe the four most common routes of parenteral delivery and what tissue the drug is directly delivered to in each case.

Describe how particle size influences delivery of a substance that is an inhalation aerosol and how it is related to airflow and the anatomy of the inhalation pathway. What is the optimal particle size of something that you want to deliver to the lungs (alveolar region)? What about a drug that you want to stay in the nasal passages (head airways)?

A 66-year-old female client with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the health care facility. The client gives a history of working in a factory for 35 years and that she thinks the COPD was caused by inhaling the fumes from the machines she worked with. Her home is near a major highway that is always congested. The client appears well nourished, does not smoke, and only drinks a glass of wine on social occasions. She has recently retired and is hoping to spend time with her grandchildren. Her concern is that, for the past few days, she has been having difficulty breathing and that she has been coughing but it is nonproductive. She has also felt more tired than usual. At first, she thought it was a cold or the flu but became worried when her chest started to hurt each time she took a deep breath. Vital Signs on admission: BP 126/82, HR 90, RR 26, Temp. 98°F (36.7°C), Pulse Ox 93%.

 

You are the nurse caring for this patient.  On your mid-day rounds, you notice the following:  Vital Signs:  BP 100/76, HR110, RR30, Temp 101.3F, Pulse Ox 92%.

You determine that you need to call the physician and give an ISBAR communication form.

Complete the ISBAR

Describe a scenario where you might want to use a transdermal patch instead of an oral tablet. Be sure to include what issues you are avoiding by using the transdermal patch but also what hurdles you will need to overcome.

Two important characteristics of semisolid dosage forms are the rheological properties of the dosage form and the release of the drug from the dosage form. Explain the ways in which each of these might be evaluated or characterized.