Michael, a 45-year-old, could not believe his ears when the healthcare provider told him he had Parkinson’s disease. “Isn’t that an old person’s disease?” he asked. However, he knew something had been very wrong for about 3 months. At first, he Feld more tired than usual, he had noticed a slight tremor, especially when he became fatigued. Michael’s wife pointed out that his “handshakes” were getting worse. Like many people first diagnosed with a degenerative nervous system disease, Michael has many questions and concerns. The following are just a few of his questions. As his nurse, how would you respond? Answer the following questions.

1. What physiologic problem causes Parkinson’s disease and what is the etiology of the disease? How could a nurse describe this etiology to Michael?
2. Eventually, Michael is prescribed levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet) for his Parkinsonism. How does this medication work? What is the advantage of combining the two medications?
3. What drug-related adverse effects would you discuss with Michael?

“A primigravida at 43 weeks gestation was admitted for labor induction by intravenous Pitocin therapy three hours ago. On observation on the external monitor tracing, the nurse notes that with the last two contractions, the fetal heart rate decreased after the contraction peak and returned to baseline after the contraction ended. A decrease in variability is also noted. What is the pattern identified by the nurse and the possible reasons responsible for it? What actions should the nurse take?”

There is a planned community health project to decrease the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV).  Explain who is/are the target population and why. Also, describe what are some key factors to consider when planning a Human papillomavirus prevention program.

Jax is a 66-year-old Caucasian female whose wife has encouraged her to seek treatment. She has never been in therapy before and has no history of depression or anxiety. However, her alcohol use has recently been getting in the way of her marriage, and interfering with her newly-retired life. She describes drinking increasing amounts over the last year, currently consuming approximately a six-pack of beer per day. She notes that this amount “doesn’t give me the same buzz as it used to.” She denies ever experiencing “the shakes” or any other withdrawal symptoms if she skips a day of drinking.

Jax comments that her wife is her biggest motivation to decrease her alcohol use. She tells Jax that she gets argumentative and irritable when she drinks, though she does not always remember these incidents. She has also fallen while intoxicated twice, causing bruises both times and hitting her head on one of the occasions.

1. Describe the presenting problems/issues. Is there any information that was not provided that you would need to formulate a diagnosis?
2. Generate a primary and differential diagnosis using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM5)  and International Center for Diseases 10 codes.
3. What physiological and psychological processes lead to substance dependence?

Discuss the normal functions of the lungs that help filter the air coming into the lungs and push any dust or particulate matter out of the lungs. If the physician recommends that a patient have a lobectomy for lung cancer, how many lobes could be excised from each lung, while still leaving at least one lobe?