The addiction lab at the Neuroscience Institute of Victoria is working with a small start-up pharmaceutical company to try and formulate a new drug for the market in the treatment of long-term alcohol addiction. In the lab, pharmacological studies in vodka-addicted rats have shown that administration of the drug in quite high doses has been successful in reducing
alcohol intake. In vitro studies suggest that the drug interacts with both the dopamine and GABA receptors in the brain.

1. What are the considerations that need to be made when making a drug that needs to cross the blood-brain barrier?

2. Discuss how you think this drug is reducing alcohol intake? In your answer, you should consider the pharmacology of both neurotransmitters.

3. Compare this potential drug to other drugs involved in treating alcohol addiction.

Cross-bridge cycling 4. CytoplasmicCa2+removal 5. Depolarization of tubules a. 1-2-5-3-4 b. 1-5-2-3-4 – c. 5-4-3-1-2 d. 5-4-1-3-2 e. 4-5-1-3-2 6. Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for tetanus?

a. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) b.$$\mathrm{K}+$$c.$$\mathrm{Na}+$$d. Troponin e.Ca2+. f. Calmodulin 7. In the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs right after binding to calmodulin? a. increased intracellular concentration b. activation of myosin light chain kinase c. depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane d. opening of ligand-gated channels e.-induced release 8. Which autonomic receptor mediates the secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla?

a. Cholinergic nicotinic receptor b. Adrenergic alpha 1 receptor c. Adrenergic beta 2 receptor d. Adrenergic beta 1 receptor e. Cholinergic muscarinic receptor 9. Which of the following statement is not true about the autonomic nervous system? a. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are two groups of the autonomic nervous system b.

Preganglionic nerve axon synapse with the postganglionic nerve at ganglion c. The preganglionic nerve of sympathetic and parasympathetic release acetylcholine that binds a nicotinic receptor on the ganglion d. The postganglionic nerve of sympathetic and parasympathetic release acetylcholine that binds a muscarinic receptor on a target tissue e. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing more than the adult U.S. population currently has this disorder. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality, primarily from cardiovascular events.

The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that determines the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast or after not eating for at least 8 hours. An FPG of indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes. Supposedly the following test results were obtained for a screening test for diabetes with a cutoff$$\ge 126\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{dl}$$.

Label the table with TP. FP. FN, and TN. 4. Calculate the sensitivity for this test. What does it mean in words? 5. Calculate the specificity for this test. What does it mean in words?

The usefulness of microvilli to cells that have them is 4. to increase their surface area for absorption B. for intracellular trafficking of molecules E.to allow specific ion transport across the cell membrane ).to aid in their locomotion E.to move substances across their surface A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.

Knowing what you know about the regs story feedback loop controlling bored sugar, predict what would happen following consumption of a piece of chocolate ple View Available Hine(s) After bating the pie. Hood sugar would be elevated and the would lead to an increased release of insult. After eating the plat blood sugar would be elevated, and this would lead to a decreased release of insulin.