Has the Covid-19 pandemic changed everything or has it made the familiar clearer?

“In different ways and for different reasons, a sense that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed everything has come to dominate public, personal, and intellectual life…The social entanglements it created have been both for better and for worse, but they have always exceeded the pathogen’s physical effects on bodies. Anthropologists recognize in these patterns not only a rupture but also the familiar as if what can be seen now is not new but has simply been made clearer.” (Adams and Nading 2020: 461).

Vincanne Adams and Alex Nading (2020) ‘Medical Anthropology in the Time of COVID-19’. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 34(4): 461–466.

1. Like many essay questions, there are two sides to explore in order to answer this essay well. It is worth developing an outline that takes into account both sides.

2. When you have made the first draft, consider the following questions:
a. Does your essay answer a question?
– or does it just give interesting information (without answering the question)?
– does it give evidence of having thought carefully and deeply about the question, considering it from different angles? (e.g. what, when, where, who, how, why?)

b. Is your essay research-led?
– have you read and used relevant work published in medical anthropology and other relevant disciplines as evidence/examples? Peer-reviewed journals and ethnographic monographs are particularly good. Are these appropriately and consistently referenced (e.g. using the Harvard, Chicago or Vancouver styles – see ‘Cite them Right’ for further information).
– have you critically evaluated what you have read, questioning the author, e.g. their purpose, methods used, strength of argument, possible bias etc. and communicating their opinion of it?
– are you aware of key approaches/perspectives / theoretical standpoints that medical anthropologists might have taken regarding the topic? Have you been suitably reflexive about your own experience and how it links to relevant concepts and approaches in medical anthropology?

3. Is your writing clear (grammatically and logically)? Does the essay use effective orienting sentences that refer back to the question and justify the relevance of what is being discussed?
Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer, drawing on relevant concepts and approaches introduced in Health, Illness and Society Part 1 as well as your personal experience.

PICO – In injured veterans experiencing chronic pain (P), does the use of non-opioid modalities (Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological) (I), compared to the administration of systemic opioids (C), lead to improved pain management and decreased incidence of opioid overdose (O)?

Historical factors and the current healthcare dynamics leading to curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation.

Reflect upon the historical factors and the current healthcare dynamics that lead to curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation.

Write a 1500-2000 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to answer all the questions for each bullet point completely. There should be five sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you address in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least five (5) sources in your essay.
Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment.

Reflect upon the historical factors and the current healthcare dynamics that lead to curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation.

1-)Conduct a literature search on EBSCO and/or CINAHL related to the history and evolution of nursing curricula.
2.)Summarize two key events. How do past, present, and future events frame curriculum?
3.)Compare and contrast the different types of curricula that prepare entry-level nurses.
4.)Describe two innovative curriculum and/or teaching strategies for implementing the curriculum.
5.)List one or two barriers to implementing a curriculum, identify strategies to overcome t

Quiz – Module 3 Knowledge Check
Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

• In this exercise, you will complete 5-essay-type questions in the Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
• Each question will hold one to two parts asked to be addressed and each part will need at least one citation, at least two citations if asked two parts to the question from the textbook and/or current peer-reviewed journals.
• Each question is worth 4 points. I would expect substantive paragraphs per answer (a paragraph would include 6-10 sentences).

KC each essay needs a citation(s) and reference(s), if using textbook apply correct page(s)
Basic book citation format
The APA in-text citation for a book includes the author’s last name, the year, and (if relevant) a page number.
In the reference list, start with the author’s last name and initials, followed by the year. The book title is written in sentence case (only capitalize the first word and any proper nouns). Include any other contributors (e.g. editors and translators) and the edition if specified (e.g. “2nd ed.”).
Format Last name, Initials. (Year). Book title (Editor/translator initials, Last name, Ed. or Trans.) (Edition). Publisher.
Reference entry Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. Verso.
In-text citation (Anderson, 1983, p. 23)

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
• Ulcers
• Hepatitis markers
• After HP shots
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Pancreatitis
• Liver failure—acute and chronic
• Gall bladder disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diverticulitis
• Jaundice
• Bilirubin
• Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis)
• Renal blood flow
• Glomerular filtration rate
• Kidney stones
• Infections – urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis
• Acute kidney injury
• Renal failure – acute and chronic

QUESTION 1
1. Scenario 1: Peptic Ulcer
A 65-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the epigastric area. The pain has been persistent for two weeks. The pain described as burning, non-radiating and worse after meals. Denies N&V, weight loss or obvious bleeding. She admits to frequent belching with bloating.
PMH: seasonal allergies with Chronic Sinusitis, positive for osteoarthritis,
Meds: Claritin 10 mg po daily, ibuprofen 400-600 mg po prn pain
Family Hx-non contributary
Social history: Separated recently pending divorce; stressful situation with trying to manage two homes. Works as a Legal Assistant at a local law firm. She has 35 PPY of smoking, drinks 1-2 glasses of wine a day, and 6-7 cups of coffee per day. She denies illicit drug use, vaping or unprotected sexual encounters.
Breath test in the office revealed urease.
The healthcare provider suspects the client has peptic ulcer disease.
Questions:
1. Explain what contributed to the development from this patient’s history of PUD?

QUESTION 2
1. Scenario 1: Peptic Ulcer
A 65-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the epigastric area. The pain has been persistent for two weeks. The pain described as burning, non-radiating and worse after meals. Denies N&V, weight loss or obvious bleeding. She admits to frequent belching with bloating.
PMH: seasonal allergies with Chronic Sinusitis, positive for osteoarthritis,
Meds: Claritin 10 mg po daily, ibuprofen 400-600 mg po prn pain
Family Hx-non contributary
Social history: Separated recently pending divorce; stressful situation with trying to manage two homes. Works as a Legal Assistant at a local law firm. She has 35 PPY of smoking, drinks 1-2 glasses of wine a day, and 6-7 cups of coffee per day. She denies illicit drug use, vaping or unprotected sexual encounters.
Breath test in the office revealed urease.
The healthcare provider suspects the client has peptic ulcer disease.
Question:
1. What is the pathophysiology of PUD/ formation of peptic ulcers?

QUESTION 3
1. Scenario 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
A 44-year-old morbidly obese female comes to the clinic complaining of “burning in my chest and a funny taste in my mouth”. The symptoms have been present for years but patient states she had been treating the symptoms with antacid tablets which helped until the last 4 or 5 weeks. She never saw a healthcare provider for that. She says the symptoms get worse at night when she is lying down and has had to sleep with 2 pillows. She says she has started coughing at night which has been interfering with her sleep. She denies palpitations, shortness of breath, or nausea.
PMH-HTN, venous stasis ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis of knees, morbid obesity (BMI 48 kg/m2)
FH:non contributary
Medications: Lisinopril 10 mg po qd, Bentyl 10 mg po, ibuprofen 800 mg po q 6 hr prn
SH: 20 PPY of smoking, ETOH rarely, denies vaping
Diagnoses: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Question:
1. If the client asks what causes GERD how would you explain this as a provider?

QUESTION 4
1. Scenario 3: Upper GI Bleed
A 64-year-old male presents the clinic with complaints of passing dark, tarry, stools. He stated the first episode occurred last week, but it was only a small amount after he had eaten a dinner of beets and beef. The episode today was accompanied by nausea, sweating, and weakness. He states he has had some mid epigastric pain for several weeks and has been taking OTC antacids. The most likely diagnosis is upper GI bleed which won’t be confirmed until further endoscopic procedures are performed.
Question:
1. What are the variables here that contribute to an upper GI bleed?

QUESTION 5
1. Scenario 4: Diverticulitis
A 54-year-old schoolteacher is seeing your today for complaints of passing bright red blood when she had a bowel movement this morning. She stated the first episode occurred last week. The episode today was accompanied by nausea, sweating, and weakness. She states she has had some LLQ pain for several weeks but described it as “coming and going”. She says she has had a fever and abdominal cramps that have worsened this morning.
Diagnosis is lower GI bleed secondary to diverticulitis.
Question:
1. What can cause diverticulitis in the lower GI tract?