Discussion: I chose to look into the hepatitis study done between the years of 1956 and 1970 at the Willowbrook School for Mentally Retarded Children. During this study, experimental vaccines for hepatitis were administered to students of the school without a full explanation of the risks included in the study. New students admitted to the school were purposefully infected with viral hepatitis A and B and parental consent was obtained in a group method (da Gloria et al., 2015).  Ethical principles that were violated in this study include the principles of informed consent and non-maleficence. The parents of this study were not fully told the risks of participating in the study and consent was obtained in a group setting which could influence one’s decision. Also, the principle of nonmaleficence is tied to the idea of doing no harm to our patients, when clearly, harm was inflicted on these children with the injections of a virus. As for the Code of Ethics, there are a number of provisions that were violated in this study. Some of these violations include provisions 1.1, 3.2, and 5.5. The researchers of this study lacked respect for human dignity and failed to protect the human rights of the students at this school (American Nurses Association, 2017). The researchers could have avoided these violations by taking a step back and realizing that they were exploiting the rights of children who were unable to speak for themselves. Also, the researchers could have worked harder to provide informed consent to the parents of the children with an explicit explanation of the research going to be conducted and what the benefits/risks would be. It is upsetting to look back on this study and see how long these experiments were conducted.

 

You are part of a team gathered to plan for the growing needs of the hospital surgery department. The hospital you work for is a large non-profit healthcare system in several communities in your state and the system has a good reputation.  Your role is a surgery nurse and you have worked in the surgery department of this hospital for 5 years.  You are an RN, and you have over 10 years of surgical nursing experience.  Consider the following and discuss with your peers:

1. Who should the members of the team include besides yourself and why?
2. There is an option to expand the current surgery wing in the current hospital, there is an option to lease or purchase land about 15 miles away and build a new surgery center, and there is an option to collaborate with a private surgery group that has several for-profit stand-alone surgery centers in the same area which perform more services than your hospital currently supports. How would you decide which option to recommend and what information would you prepare for your presentation?
3. What risks and challenges could be barriers and how would you plan for risk assessment?
4. Discuss the budget planning and estimation process and key factors to include in your recommendations.

Describe how you would diagnose this illness-what additional symptoms would you look for, what diagnostic tests you will do, your expected findings, and the subsequent treatment and prognosis. Create a list of at least four other differential diagnoses. Describe the classification of the helminth associated with the assigned disease,

Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. To b classified as a nosocomial infection, the patient must have been treated for reasons other than the infection. He or she must also have shown no signs of the infection when first treated by the physician What Causes Nosocomial Infections? Who Is at Risk for Nosocomial Infections? Are some patients more prone than others? What steps can you follow on a daily basis to prevent these types of infections? What is a specific example of nosocomial infection? Include information about all four questions in paragraph form in your initial response