An Abdominal mass

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A 65-year-old woman who is A Rh D Positive reported to the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital with an abdominal mass. Laboratory and other investigations were done. Blood cultures were positive for Gram-negative bacilli. Her sample was sent to the blood bank for grouping and crossmatching for urgent transfusion. Below are her blood grouping results:

Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A,B Anti-D A1 Cells B Cells O Cells
3+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 0 4+ 0

I. Comment on the results.
II. What are the possible causes of this results?
III. Which blood group will you issue for transfusion and why?

The blood bank for urgent grouping and crossmatching for 2 units of blood

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A patient presented with anaemia to the hospital and her sample was sent to the blood bank for urgent grouping and crossmatching for 2 units of blood. Below are her blood grouping results:
Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A,B Anti-D A1 Cells B Cells O Cells
1+ 0 2+ 3+ 2+ 4+ 0

I. Comment on the results.
II. What are the possible causes of this results?

What are some Common pathologies of the pelvise pelvis?

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What are some common pathologies of the pelvis? include the sonographic appearance, signs/symptoms, best technique to evaluate pathology Trans abdominal and TransVaginal, and the importance of patient history prior to the exam.

To use alternative Models of gene action

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The goal of this exercise is to use alternative models of gene action. Consider a hypothetical locus that influences the weight of chicken. The locus has alleles H (heavy) and L (light). When fed the same diet,HH chicken weigh 3.5 kg, and LL chicken weight 2 kg. Answer the following questions and show your work supporting your answers:

 

1a) [10 points] For the HL chicken indicate the expected weight if the locus exhibits no dominance.

 

 

1b) [25 points] For the HL chicken indicate the range of weights if the locus exhibits partial dominance and H is the dominant allele.

Reduced Low-density liopproteins

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18 year old female presenting with heart disease reduced low-density liopproteins and concomitantly evelated high density lipoprotein in plasma

diagnosis the disease

Manual Reticulocyte Count Procedure

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Manual Reticulocyte Count Procedure 1. Add two drops of patient blood to three drops of prepared New Methylene Blue stain in a labeled tube. Mix well. 2. Incubate the mixture for 15 minutes at. 3. After incubation, resuspend the cells.
4. Make three thin peripheral blood smears from the resuspended mixture and let them dry. (Note: One slide will be used for testing. The other two slides will be used only if needed for troubleshooting).
5. Once the slides are dry, using theoll objective, observe the peripheral blood smear. 6. Count a total of 500 red blood cells (RBCs), identifying them each as either “mature red blood cells”, or “reticulocytes” as follows: a. Mature red blood cells: pale greenish-blue in color, no inclusions present inside the cells b. Reticulocytes: pale greenish-blue red blood cells, with deep blue staining inclusions inside the cell 7.
When counting, make sure to count in a systematic way, so that cells are not counted twice or missed. Do not count white blood cells, platelets, or other cellular debris. 8. Once 500 total RBCs have been counted, transcribe the number of reticulocytes identified to the reporting.
9. A different Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) must then repeat the 500-cell red blood cell count procedure on the same slide (steps 5-8). 10. If the counts from the two MLS do not match within, start over at step 5 using one of the alternate slides. If the two MLS counts match within, calculate the final percent reticulocyte count using this formula:Example ReportingCalculation Result interpretation The reference interval for an adult percent reticulocyte count is. Increased percent reticulocyte counts may be seen in Sickle Cell Disease or Beta Thalassemia. Decreased percent reticulocyte counts may be seen in Aplastic Anemia or Anemia of Chronic Disease. Refer to the Mannal Reticulocyte Count Procedure above.
Question #3: A final percent reticulocyte count was reported as. Assuming the procedure was performed correctly and from an adult female: Would her Reticulocyte Count be increased, decreased, or normal when compared to the reference interval? Would you believe that this result came from a patient with Aplastic Anemia? Why or why not?
Question #4: The following manual reticulocyte count was performed. If MLS #1 performed the procedure correctly, list two possible reasons why MLS #2’s reticulocyte count does not match within. Question #5: An MLS performing a manual reticulocyte count did everything correctly, except he/she incubated the blood/new methylene blue stain mixture for 5 minutes.
In this situation, would the final Percent Reticulocyte Count be unaffected, falsely decreased, or falsely increased? Explain.

To suffer from Chronic fatigue

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Paul is a 20-year-old, physically fit male college student. He has always been heavily involved in his studies, as well as intramural sports on campus. Lately he has begun to suffer from chronic fatigue, blurred vision, polyuria, and an unusual weight loss. Paul would usually bring a bottle of water with him to class, but lately he will consume as many as three bottles during a standard lecture.

What simple, non-invasive clinical test would you need to order to diagnose Paul’s condition? Include which type of disorder a positive and negative test would indicate. Type answer as 1 or 2 short sentences using your own words and correct grammar and punctuation. Be specific as to which test results corresponds to which disorder. Copied and pasted answers may receive 0 points. (3 points)

11. Assume that all tests have been run and the information given in the case has all you need to determine diagnosis. With these assumptions, a lack of which of the two hormones is most likely? Type answer as the full name of the most likely hormone. (1

The blood concentration of chemical Y via a negative feedback loop

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A newly discovered hormone X is determined to be structurally similar to cholesterol. Hormone X appears to regulate the blood concentration of chemical Y via a negative feedback loop.

Would hormone X need a transport protein to move in the bloodstream to its target cell- yes or no? Type answer as one of the 2 choices given.

If the concentration of chemical Y decreases, what would happen to the secretion of hormone Xincrease, remain the same or decrease? Type answer exactly as one of the 3 choices given

What effect will this change in hormone X have on the blood concentration of chemical Y- increase, remain the same, or decrease? Type answer exactly as one of the 3 choices given.

High levels of a molecule called Nitric oxide

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Some athletes have drink beet juice (yes, juice from beets) to improve their endurance performance. Beet juice is known to contain high levels of a molecule called nitric oxide (NO) which may improve blood flow from lungs to working muscles by causing the dilation (widening) of blood vessels. Select the pair below that includes the most related subdiscipline and physiological system.

a: lungs / muscles

b: motor behavior / endocrine

c: biomechanics / cardiovascular

d: kinesiology / thermoregulation

e: sports nutrition / cardiovascular

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Select the correct statement below.

a: Physics is a subdiscipline of biomechanics.

b: Physics is a parent discipline of biomechanics.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. You decide to train for a marathon. After about 6 weeks of successful training you notice that your resting heart rate is lower when you wake up each this morning. Is this a chronic adaptation or an acute response?

a: chronic

b: acute

_________________________________________________________________________

4. An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen … In rehabilitation, a person who has survived a stroke and has some paralysis sometimes has to learn new ways of performing activities of daily living (ADLs). They might see an occupational therapist to get help with learning new movements. What subdiscipline of exercise science is most related to this topic?

a: exercise physiology

b: clinical exercise physiology

c: motor behavior (motor learning)

d: biomechanics

_________________________________________________________________________

5. When a person lifts weights (resistance exercise training) to increase the size of muscle cells (which increases muscle size and strength), growth hormone and testosterone are involved. What two systems are involved in this?

a: renal system

b: skeletal system

c: endocrine system

d: muscle system

_________________________________________________________________________

6. In research, there are ways to measure how fast a person can process information and respond to it correctly. These are reaction time tests that involve decision making. Example research topics include:

Older adults and driving ability.
Comparisons of beginner and experienced airline pilots.
The effects of prolonged sleep loss on military personnel.

What subdiscipline of exercise science is this best aligned with?

a: exercise physiology

b: motor behavior

c: biomechanics

_________________________________________________________________________

7. One of your readings names the two basic components of the study of exercise physiology. They are the __________ response of the body to exercise in all its forms and the adaptation of the body’s systems to repeated or ____________ exercise, often called exercise training

a: acute/chronic

b: chronic/acute

_________________________________________________________________________

8. Match the following systems with their components.

Endocrine

a: molecule

b: organelle

c: hormone

d: enzyme

 

 

Energy

a: molecule

b: organelle

c: hormone

d: enzyme

Draw all Sensory pathways schematic

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Draw all sensory pathways schematic. Make sure to draw all the points of entry in spinal cord area in spinal cord and ending area in the brain.