Name two similarities between alcohol and lactic acid fermentation [what do they start with, when do they
occur, what is the purpose, etc). What is the difference between the two types of fermentation?

Which of the following research questions would best guide an investigation of the link between the structure of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing? vie Previ (A) Do these molecules require the same receptors in each bacteria species to generate a response? (B) Did these species evolve from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule?

Scientists compared the chemical structure of several molecules that various bacterial species use for quorum sensing. Quorum sensing is an ability some bacteria have to detect the number of related cells nearby. The chemical structure of some of these molecules found in certain species of bacteria are shown in Figure I. Vibrio fischeri Vibrio harveyi OH Pseudomonas aerugino Figure I. The chemical structure of several molecules used for quorum sensing in three species of bacteria Which of the following research questions would best guide an investigation of the link between the structure of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing? vie Previ (A) Do these molecules require the same receptors in each bacteria species to generate a response? (B) Did these species evolve from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule?

Discuss what is meant by reading frames and phases in the annotation process. Why are they important and how are they used to build gene models?