Factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics processes

Examine case study 5: An African American child suffering from depression. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics processes.

-Briefly explain and summarize the case for this assignment. be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision making when prescribing medication for this patient.

Decision #1

-which decision did you select?

-Why did you select this decision? be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

-What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the learning resources (including primary literature).

-Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #2

Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

-Why did you not select the other options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

-What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the learning resources (including the primary literature).

-Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #3

-Why did you select this decision? be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

-Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

-What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the learning resources (including the primary literature).

-Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Conclusion

Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy

Ellen is making progress, so she and Deanna add on new assignments, in which Ellen will also verbalize and challenge her feelings with appropriate thoughts. When Deanna is invited to present a paper about her treatment of Ellen for an upcoming conference, the form she is filling out asked her to characterize her topic as cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy, or “other.”

She will explain to a trusted friend what she is trying to do and then make a plan in which she and the friend choose a light, comfortable friendly touch, such as nudging each other while teasing, and progress to squeezing each other’s hand at some point in the conversation, and hugging hello and good-bye.

During this time, Ellen now also keeps a journal about how she feels before and after each brief encounter. She also talks first with Deanna and later with her supportive friend about how this feels as she engages in light, friendly touching over time.

What is the first option Deanna described—the one that Ellen rejected?

(Naturally, there is a blank beside “other” to indicate the appropriate category.) How would you categorize her treatment sessions with Ellen? What should Deanna put on the form for the conference? Why?

Describe the different natures of pain in Hispanic culture

Describe the different natures of pain in Hispanic culture (physical, emotional, etc.) Describe the relationship between ethnic background and pain in Hispanic

  1. Discuss ethnic differences in pain perception and pain responses
  2. Explain how a nurse’s own culture, personal bias, values, and beliefs may alter the 
interpretation of patients’ pain experiences.
  3. What might some variations be in the assessment of pain when caring for the Hispanic? What are the verbal cues? What are the non-verbal cues?
  4. Which pain assessment tool would you use? Why?
  5. What might some variations of nursing interventions be in management of pain when caring for the Hispanic culture? Pharmaceutical: Traditional? Alternative? Inter-professional?

The effects of hospitalization

Cindy lives with her mother and two siblings, 6-year-old Roger, and 12-year-old Betty. Her father died in a car accident a few years ago. Her mother works as a receptionist in a law office. Her family is now at the hospital. Cindy undergoes an open reduction and internal fixation of tibial fracture. She has been in the post-anesthesia unit for approximately 45 minutes. As she arouses from sleep, she begins to moan and call for her mother, “I want my mom! Where is she?”.

Cindy Lizzo is a 10-year-old who was playing at the playground at school and fell from the monkey bars.  She held her left leg and began to scream uncontrollably. EMS and her mother were called. She was taken to the local hospital.

Her vital signs are “HR: 115 beats/minute; T: 37.4 C oral; BP: 122/74 mm Hg; RR: 25 breaths/minute with oxygen saturation of 94% on room air

1. What signs indicate that Cindy may be in pain?

2. What are the effects of hospitalization for Cindy and her family? Consider implementing atraumatic/trauma-informed care.

3. What pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies would you expect to be used to manage Cindy’s pain? What are the implications of unmanaged pain?

4.As Cindy’s primary nurse what assessments and interv

Discuss the ambiguity and conflict in nursing roles

Discuss the ambiguity and conflict in nursing roles required in critical care areas, balancing the biomedical model of care with holistic nursing of patients and families. What societal trends have increased family caregiver stress and burden?

Use at least one scholarly source other than your textbook to connect your response to national guidelines and evidence-based research in support of your ideas. This is required. In addition, you may also provide an example case, either from personal experience or from the media, which illustrates and supports your ideas.  All sources must be referenced and cited using the correct APA (including a link to the source).

Analyze the impact of healthcare technology

Analyze the impact of healthcare technology of it and the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies, including research studies that present opposing views. Also, identify potential barriers and costs associated with the use of specific technologies and how those technologies are applied to alcoholism.

The influence of patient education in health care

Please help me answer the following questions with a thorough explanation (similarity check). Focus on the influence of patient education in health care using the experiences of a patient. Interview about that person’s experiences with the health care system. (Interviewed new immigrant Asian male, 65 years old, hx of type-2 diabetes, A fib, HTN)

  1. Did a patient education representative give you instructions on how to care for yourself after your illness or operation?
  2. Did a health care professional, pharmacist, nurse, doctor, or elder counselor advise you on your medication, diet, or exercise?
  3. Who assisted you at home after your illness or operation?
  4. Do you know of any assistance services, i.e., food, transportation, medication, that would help you stay in your home as you get older?

Critical neurological and psychiatric practice diagnostic tool

Mental Status Examination (MSE) is a critical neurological and psychiatric practice diagnostic tool.

case study

Mr Fred Robinson is a 24-year-old man from Derby (2392 km from Perth) in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. He has a supportive family consisting of his father, mother, three brothers, and friends. Fred is usually presented well. when found, he is dishevelled, unwashed, wearing one shoe, a woollen jumper, beany, and boardshorts.

The police escorted him to the local public hospital after he was observed muttering to himself and pacing near the railing of a bridge next to the railway yard. They found a bag of ripped clothing and papers, a bible, a wallet, and an unlabeled medicine bottle containing numerous coloured tablets near him.

Initially, Fred was uncooperative when questioned by the police, and he accused them of trying to take thoughts from his head. He subsequently became aggressive and displayed violent behaviour by attempting to punch a police officer and shouting at the others. He was restless, overactive, singing loudly, and it was difficult to calm him.

Following scrutiny of his bag, the hospital staff contacted Fred’s parents and informed them of his whereabouts. They reported that Fred had been missing for five days, and they feared for his safety as he recently revealed to them that he had been hearing voices telling him to jump from the bridge that was located near the town.

Following examination by a doctor at the hospital, he was sedated and restrained and referred via the Royal Flying Doctor Service, with a nurse and police escort for admission to a medium-security ward at an ‘approved hospital’ in Perth.

Based on the above case scenario, address the following questions:

An introductory paragraph Presents a brief overview of the main presenting issues outlined in the case scenario. Briefly describe what the psycho-social issues pertaining to this client are that need to be taken into account by the nurses to ensure that Fred receives the most therapeutic care and outcome. In your answer, you need to consider issues of safety, the consumer (Fred) focus, and self-efficacy.

 

MSE: Gather the available information (evidence) from the case scenario, and document the client’s Mental State Examination in the form of progress notes (medical record) under the appropriate MSE headings (Present your information in the MSE format using the provided sequencing).

Explain why the MSE is important in capturing a ‘picture’ of the patient at the time of the assessment. Provide a provisional diagnose(s) that could be made (based on the MSE) as to Fred’s possible presenting condition (s) in the way of a critical discussion.

Risk Assessment: Based on your MSE of Fred’s presentation (in Derby) in the above case scenario, clearly list and briefly describe THREE potential risks (in order of priority) that Fred is likely to pose over the next 24 hours when admitted to the ‘authorized hospital’ in Perth.

Describe Fred’s management plan based on your identified (3) risks within the 24 hours in the approved hospital in Perth.

Conclusion: Effectively and comprehensively summarises main points within the report – highlighting key areas.

The Widespread Pain Index

The APRN tells the patient that the tender points are no longer used to diagnose FM. She suggests that the patient takes the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and the Symptom Severity Inventory (SSI). The patient asks the APRN what these tests are for. What is the APRN’s best answer?

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes

Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

How do beta-blockers work? What exactly do antibiotics do to the bacteria they target? What effects does an anti-depressant have on blood flow?a

Questions like these are related to the underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of pharmacotherapeutics. As an advanced practice nurse, understanding these fundamental pharmacotherapeutic concepts is important to ensure that the prescription drugs you recommend for your patients will be safe and effective to treat and/or manage their symptoms. Additionally, as the advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to ensure that when prescribing prescription drugs, you adhere to the ethical and legal principles set forth for prescribing drugs as an added layer of protection and safety for the patients you will treat.

This week, you will analyze factors that may influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes of a patient and assess the details of a personalized plan of care that you develop based on influencing factors and patient history. You will also evaluate and analyze ethical and legal implications and practices related to prescribing drugs, including disclosure and nondisclosure, and analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients
  • Assess patient factors and history to develop personalized plans of care
  • Evaluate ethical and legal implications related to prescribing drugs
  • Analyze ethical and legal practices of prescribing drugs
  • Analyze strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure
  • Justify advanced practice nurse strategies to guide prescription drug decision-making
  • Analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors

Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

 

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

 

Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

 

To Prepare

  • Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
  • Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
  • Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.
  •  

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by suggesting additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure.