What was the basic approach Mendel took to studying inheritance patterns? What organism did he use? What characteristics make it a good model to study genetics? What is a true-breeding/purebred organism? What is self-fertilization? How is it different from cross-fertilization? What is the F1 generation? The F2? What were Mendel’s three main conclusions from his monohybrid experiments and how do they translate into what we know about genetics today?

How is X-linked gene dosage regulated in mammals? What are the consequences of these adjustments in gene dosage? How can this result in things like calico cats? Know how to calculate recombination frequency.

Which are more abundant in gamete populations? Why? What is recombination frequency? How is the frequency of recombinant offspring in populations used to tell the distance between linked genes (how is it practically applied to map genes)?

Discuss the phylum Platyhelminthes. Refer to the presence or absence of a coelom, symmetry type, basics of the nervous system, and type of digestive tract in the free-living forms. Then, discuss the body form of a tapeworm, how an infection could happen, and subsequent treatments by physicians. Are tapeworms free-living, or parasitic? Through what process do they obtain nutrients?

Discuss the basic three-part body plan of a mollusk. What are species with a single shell called? What are species with two shells called? What are some examples of molluscs that do not have a shell? Is the circulatory system of all molluscs the same? Explain the latter.