What are the benefits of genetic testing/counseling at various points in the lifespan

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What are the benefits of genetic testing/counseling at various points in the lifespan, for example in pre-conception, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics?,  When counselling a patient on the need for genetic testing, they ask if there are any laws to protect their information, and if the results of the test could affect their ability to obtain health Insurance coverage. How would you respond to this patient?