Alcohol-induced liver disease

Ms. Jeong, a 59-year-old Korean American, is admitted to the emergency department (ED) for general malaise, a large, distended abdomen, swollen ankles, and jaundice. She is noted to smell of alcohol and is showing signs of alcohol withdrawal.

1. Ms. Jeong is diagnosed with alcohol-induced liver disease. Can you describe what is causing each of her symptoms? What other symptoms might you anticipate?

2. What are the four stages of liver disease and what is occurring in each stage?