Impact of Selected Issues (Medical Errors) on the Health of the Public

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Impact of Selected Issues (Medical Errors) on the Health of the Public

There are many challenges facing our nation today as the president and Congress set priorities for their legislative agenda. These challenges include critical issues related to healthcare.

This paper will specifically address the issues (Medical errors) that impact the health of the public in the United States.

Identify an issue that impacts or has an effect on the health of the public in our country from your readings in the New York Times. Review of the Literature Research the issue in terms of background information (who, what, when, where, how) using a minimum of two (2) professional journals.

Discuss the pros and cons of the issue. Follow the discussion of the issue over a period of time using a minimum of three (3) New York Times articles. At least one of the three New York Times articles has to have been published within the last six months.  Also, select one (1) website which provides you with legitimate information on your topic.

A Minimum of 6 References: New York Times BLOGS articles are not allowed. When selecting your professional journal articles, conduct a literature search using at least 3 electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed, professional journal articles on the topic you are writing about. Limit your journal articles to those published within the past five (5) years and your websites to those updated within the past five (5) years.

Conclusions and Recommendations:  What conclusions can you draw from your readings? What recommendations can you make to policymakers? Submit a 4-5 page, double-spaced, typewritten paper which addresses all of the above areas. Print your final copy on one side of the paper only.

Summarize Types 1 and 2 Diabetes in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale

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Summarize Types 1 and 2 Diabetes in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

  1. Etiology:
  • Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes
  • Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes

 

  1. Pathogenesis:

For both types, explain how the etiology results in the blood chemistry disturbance and produce the clinical symptoms.

  1. Clinical Picture:
  • Signs and symptoms of diabetes. (most common presentations of both types)
  • Complications of diabetes: Hypoglycemic crisis, hyperglycemic crises, macrovascular complications, microvascular complications.
  1. Diagnosis:
  • Diagnosis of diabetes& screening: Fasting vs random blood sugar
  • Follow up: role of HGB-A1C
  1. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment:

How does the pathophysiology involved in each type of diabetes affect the choice of treatment (Insulin vs non-insulin therapy)

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

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Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

This summary should cover hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, for each, you need to talk about:

  1. Etiology:
  • Most common causes of hypothyroidism in the U.S.
  • Most common causes of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.
  1. Pathogenesis:

Talk about the steps and the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of hypo-& hyperthyroidism and resulting in the clinical picture.

  1. Clinical Picture:
  • Signs& Symptoms: of Hypo- vs hyperthyroidism.
  • Complications of hypothyroidism: Myxedema coma
  • Complications of hyperthyroidism: Thyroid storm
  1. Diagnosis:
  • Measuring thyroid hormone levels and TSH and how to interpret results to differentiate between primary and secondary hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
  • How to follow up the prognosis and response to treatment.
  1. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment:

Explain why we use certain medications for treating hypo-& hyperthyroidism in the light of understanding the pathophysiology involved.

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Different types of Dermatitis and Skin malignancies in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

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Summarize Skin disorders: Different types of Dermatitis and Skin malignancies in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

This summary should cover two topics: 1. Different types of Dermatitis.         2. Skin malignancies

 

Dermatitis

Types: Atopic dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis

Stasis dermatitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Etiology& pathogenesis of each type:

Clinical Picture of each type: Use pictures of the lesions seen in each type with their description

Diagnosis: by the C/P

 

Skin malignancy

Types: Basal cell carcinoma.       Squamous cell carcinoma.          Melanoma

Clinical picture of each type: Use pictures

As for Melanoma focus on the criteria of malignant transformation of a benign nevus to a malignant one.

Diagnosis: Skin biopsy

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Summarize the genitourinary Infections or Disorders in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

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Summarize the genitourinary Infections or Disorders in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

This summary should cover the following genitourinary infections:

UTI: cystitis & pyelonephritis

Genital infections: Chlamydia, gonorrhea

For each one of these 2 categories (UTI & Genital infections) discuss the following:

  1. Etiology:

The organisms causing these infections, route of transmission, risk factors.

  1. Clinical Picture:

Signs& symptoms of these infections and possible complications

Write a one-page annotated bibliography paper on how burnout causes physical and mental stress among Nurses.

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Write a one-page annotated bibliography paper on how burnout causes physical and mental stress among Nurses.

From the perspective of the future of healthcare and the professional nurse, discuss future trends in Healthcare

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From the perspective of the future of healthcare and the professional nurse, discuss future trends in Healthcare. What are your thoughts about the Millennium Development goals? What are your thoughts about health and Healthcare in 2032?

Develop a personal nursing philosophy narrative as to how your life moved towards meeting that goal of becoming a nurse

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Develop a personal nursing philosophy narrative as to how your life moved towards meeting that goal of becoming a nurse.

In a 3-4 page, double-spaced, typewritten document, please respond to the following:

• Begin your paper with why you wanted to become a nurse

• Develop a narrative as to how your life moved along towards meeting that goal of becoming a nurse.

Include any work experiences (volunteer work, hospital, MD office, healthcare facility) that reinforced your desire to become a nurse and why.

What educational preparation has already taken place in your life prior to entering a formal nursing program? Were there any particular people or nurses who influenced your decision to become a nurse and what was the nature of that influence?

What plans did you make to become a nurse that either were delayed or actually occurred as planned? What keeps you focused on completing the program especially when obstacles present themselves? What has been the greatest sacrifice you have made to become a nurse?

• In the time you have been involved in nursing activities, what has given you the greatest satisfaction and why?

• How has the current health care arena affected your feelings about being a nurse?

• Look at the QCC statement of philosophy of nursing.

• Write a statement of your philosophy of nursing that should include the four (4) metaparadigms of: client, health, environment, and nursing. What are your beliefs about the client? How do you define health? In your opinion, what makes up the environment? How does nursing impact all of these? NB. Philosophy of Nursing can be found in your STUDENT HANDBOOK located under “Course Information.”

• How is your philosophy the same as or different than the QCC philosophy of nursing? • What nursing theory/theorist has influenced your personal philosophy the most and why?

• What will finally becoming a professional registered nurse mean to you?

• Where do you see yourself five years after graduation?

You are caring for a 53-year-old obese woman in the telemetry unit with chest pain with exertion.  She is doing well on Isosorbide and will be placed on it orally to go home

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You are caring for a 53-year-old obese woman in the telemetry unit with chest pain with exertion.  She is doing well on Isosorbide and will be placed on it orally to go home.  Her blood pressure has been the problem.  She is taking a thiazide diuretic.

  • What is other blood pressure medicine good for angina and blood pressure? Describe its mechanism of action in this situation.

She has also had high cholesterol for a long time.  This has been managed well with atorvastatin 80 mg every day.  However, she now has triglycerides of 340 mg/dl.

  • What medication can be added to her atorvastatin to lower triglycerides? Describe the mechanism of action in this situation.

She takes metformin and canagliflozin for her diabetes.  She is controlled with an A1C of 7.2.  However, her weight is uncontrolled and she gains 10-15 pounds a year, despite “eating all of the right things.”

  • What is an injectable medication that the patient can be started on that will lower her A1c further and is known to help with weight reduction? Describe the mechanism of action in this situation

 

Now take all of her drugs that she will be on and put them into a drug interaction checker

  • identify any serious interactions (“monitor closely”). Based on these interactions what symptoms will you tell the patient to report immediately to her prescriber?

 

Summarize the bleeding and thrombotic disorders: platelet and coagulation disorders in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

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Summarize the bleeding and thrombotic disorders: platelet and coagulation disorders in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow up tests whenever applicable)
5.Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

Platelet Disorders: Talk about TWO DISORDERS: Low platelet count (Thrombocytopenia), increased platelet count (Thrombocytosis)

  • Thrombocytopenia:
  1. Etiology& Pathogenesis: different types of thrombocytopenia and what cause them, also talk about causes of defective platelet function including antiplatelet medication effects
  2. Clinical Picture: manifestations of low-platelet bleeding disorders. (in contrast to clotting factor deficiency bleeding disorder)
  3. Diagnosis: bleeding time, platelet count, Thromboelastography with platelet mapping.
  4. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: indications of platelet transfusion.
  • Thrombocytosis:
  1. Etiology& Pathogenesis: as a part of myeloproliferative disorder (essential thrombocytosis)
  2. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms of thrombocytosis and complications
  3. Diagnosis:
  4. Pathophysiologic rational of treatment:

 

 

Coagulation Disorders: Talk about TWO DISORDERS: Hypocoagulability (Coagulopathy) and Hypercoagulability.

  • Hypocoagulability:
  1. Etiology& Pathogenesis: Acquired causes of bleeding tendency (other than genetic causes): including liver failure, uremia, vit K deficiency & warfarin overdose.
  2. Clinical Picture: manifestations of coagulopathy (in contrast to platelet disorder types of bleeding)
  3. Diagnosis: PT & PTT (how each can help diagnose extrinsic vs intrinsic pathway disorders)
  4. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment:
  • Hypercoagulabilty:
  1. Etiology& pathogenesis: Factor V Leiden, Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, antiphospholipid syndrome.
  2. Clinical Picture: Complications of hypercoagulability
  3. Diagnosis:
  4. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment.

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473