Describe the role of the Agency for Health Research and Quality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on directing the US Protective Services Task Force and the Community Task Force panel members.

Read the case scenario below. Risk for developing breast cancer. Visit www.cancer.gov to become familiar with the U.S. government’s primary agency for cancer research and after reviewing the recourses please answer the questions bellow. Make sure to include references from the website.

JF is a 26-year-old woman in the clinic today for her annual physical examination. As you take her medical history, it becomes apparent that she is quite concerned about her risk of developing breast cancer. Her mother and a maternal aunt both developed breast cancer in their late 40s. JF has heard that genetic testing can be done to see whether she carries “breast cancer genes.”

1. Assuming JF is talking about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, explain the role that these genes have in the genetic mechanisms of breast cancer.

2.         If genetic testing reveals that JF does carry the BRCA1 gene, what does this mean for her risk of developing breast cancer?

3.         What proportion of breast cancer cases can be attributed to inherited forms?

4.         What other cancer would JF be at risk for given the presence of the BRCA1 gene? How significant is that risk?

5.         What other risk factors should be investigated to evaluate JF’s risk for breast cancer?

Complete the Overview Human Immunodeficiency Virus Case  (HIV) lesson. ML is a 26-year-old homosexual man admitted to the hospital for progressive respiratory distress, fever, weakness, and chronic diarrhea. He tested HIV positive about 3 years ago, but his infection has remained asymptomatic until 2 months prior to admission. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia was suspected and confirmed by culture. Laboratory analysis demonstrates a low CD4⁺ count of 185 cells/ml. HAART treatment with the antiretrovirals azidothymidine (AZT, efavirenz (Sustiva), and ritonavir (Norvir) was started 2 months ago.

1. ML’s mother is concerned about the potential of catching HIV from her son. What can you tell her about the risk factors and transmission of HIV, and how she might protect herself from infection?
2. What is the significance of the CD4+ count?
3. P. jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection to which immunocompetent people are immune. What other opportunistic infections are commonly seen in AIDs patients? Are there any data to suggest that ML may have one of these?
4. ML’s sexual partner recently tested negative for HIV. What conclusions can be made about his HIV status?
5. A medical student asks you to draw a picture of HIV virion and a CD4+ cell and to explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you show on the drawing and explain about the process?

Electrons from ___ will be used in the thylakoids for photosynthesis. electron transport chain

 

-water

 

-chloroplast

 

-pigments

 

6. plant crops can be genetically engineered to ___

 

-be resistant to pesticides

 

-be resistant to herbicides

 

-to be sensitive to herbicides

 

-be sensitive to pestidies

1. if you were testing the effects of Potential of Hydrogen on flower production with the use of control and experimental groups, what is correct?

 

-change the pH and amount of times it is watered

 

-change the pH and amount of light

 

-change the pH and the soil

 

-you only change the pH

 

 

2. What molecule will sit in a membrane near unsaturated fatty acids?

 

-amino acid

 

-nucleotide

 

-cholesterol

 

-hormone