Why do you think our memory system is designed this way?

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Why do you think our memory system is designed this way? What are the advantages to being so forgetful and open to environmental influences? On the other hand, what would be the advantages and disadvantages of a system where you remembered everything perfectly?

If you could choose your own memory system design, which one would you choose? One that remembered everything, or one that remembered most things even though some of the things you “remember” may not be as they were, or perhaps never even happened at all.

Perhaps more importantly, is there anything you can do about it?

Why is memory so important to what it means to be a human being?
Memory has a fundamental role in life, reflecting the past as the past, and offering the possibility of reusing all past and present experiences, as well as helping to ensure continuity between what was and what was going to be.
How does memory impact society?
Our memories influence how we perceive the world around us, respond to new situations, perceive ourselves, and interact with others. Over our lives, we accumulate many different types of memories, from everyday routines to facts, subconscious behaviors, and even emotional patterns.

 

Explain how the emotional effects of illness may have influenced the mother’s behavior

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Explain how the emotional effects of illness may have influenced the mother’s behavior. As an allied health care provider, explain how you would respond to the mother if she made those comments to you, rather than to her son.

Explain how you would respond to the son while keeping in mind his emotional and esteem needs.

Understandably you may be very upset by many aspects of the illness. This distress may lead to you feeling angry and irritable. You may feel resentful that you or someone you care for is seriously ill while other people are well.

How does illness affect emotional development?
Increased physical symptoms can have a negative effect on a child’s emotional health. Chronic illnesses can interfere with children’s happiness and how they feel about themselves. When children are distressed and unhappy, their illness may be harder to control.

 

Sigmund Freud’s contributions to psychology

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What were Sigmund Freud’s contributions to psychology and how has it evolved to today? Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and introduced influential theories such as his ideas of the conscious and unconscious; the id, ego, and superego; dream interpretation; and psychosexual development.

How influential is Freud in today’s society?
Others developed theories that reflected their own spin on psychoanalysis, but Freud’s theory of unconscious dynamics was widely accepted. Today, a concept of the unconscious is embedded in almost every model of human behavior and in every profession from psychiatry to marketing, from coaching to teaching.
What is the contribution of Sigmund Freud to human development?
Freud contributed to personality psychology by explaining how the right balance between something called the id, ego, and superego can lead to a healthy personality. An imbalance between the three will only lead to maladaptive personalities.

Algorithmic filtering and personalization

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Algorithmic filtering and personalization (e.g., targeted advertising, recommender systems, customized news feeds on social media) are helpful tools that allow people to navigate overwhelming information online. However, they are not without problems. Which of the following is not associated with algorithmic filtering and personalization?
Increased exposure to diverse perspectivesCreation of “filter bubbles”, where an individual’s perception of reality becomes skewed.

Amplification of the confirmation bias

Increased polarization

 

please give me the correct answer with explanation. Also give me the conclusion as it is mandatory.

What is algorithmic filtering?
What is the main source of algorithmic bias?
The short answer: People write the algorithms, people choose the data used by algorithms and people decide how to apply the results of the algorithms. Without diverse teams and rigorous testing, it can be too easy for people to let subtle, unconscious biases enter, which AI then automates and perpetuates.

Definition: algorithmic filter

An evaluation of data based on some formula. Essentially, all filters rely on some algorithm; however, the term typically refers to social media and search engines, wherein users are delivered ads, videos and news stories that appeal to their lifestyle and principles. See filter.

Controversial discussions in the mental health

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There can be controversial discussions in the mental health field about terminology and whilst psychosocial disability is defined as disabilities that may arise from mental health issues. Whilst not everyone who has a mental health issue will experience psychosocial disability, those that do can experience severe effects and social disadvantage

What is the most controversial type of therapy?
There are few treatments as controversial as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The US author Ernest Hemingway died by suicide shortly after undergoing ECT at the Mayo Clinic in 1961, reportedly saying about ECT ‘What is the sense of ruining my head and erasing my memory? ‘

 

(NSW Government <https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/disability/Pages/NDIS-and-mental-health.aspx>)

some people don’t like the term psychosocial disability.

 

Please share your thoughts about this in a small paragraph. Thanks 

What are the causes of social phobia?

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What are the causes of social phobia? I want two subtopic causes of social phobia(For example symptoms of social phobia can be divided to physical symptoms and emotional symptoms)
What is social phobia the fear of?
Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is a long-term and overwhelming fear of social situations. It’s a common problem that usually starts during the teenage years. It can be very distressing and have a big impact on your life. For some people it gets better as they get older.
What causes social anxiety in adults?
There’s no one thing that causes social anxiety disorder. Genetics likely has something to do with it: If you have a family member with social phobia, you’re more at risk of having it, too. It could also be linked to having an overactive amygdala — the part of the brain that controls your fear response.

The effect of divided attention on retention

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Dividing attention in the classroom reduces exam performance. Adequately contextualize research findings within the broader scientific literature.  Discussion of future direction and any research questions remaining.

Even when there is little or no selection or switching effect, divided attention reduces the retention of the targets for both tasks.

The effect of divided attention on retention is one example of a more general effect of limiting the amount of time available for study when the study material is initially presented.

Valium is a benzodiazepine and is commonly used as a muscle relaxer or anti-anxiety medication

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Review and respond to the below Discussion post

Valium is a benzodiazepine and is commonly used as a muscle relaxer or anti-anxiety medication. Benzodiazepines act to depress the central nervous system by increase the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief neuronal depressant found in the human body. Dizziness is a common side effect of CNS depression, where balance and awareness are compromised by sensory inhibition, these effects are known to worsen with age. The first pass effect is the extent to which the drug is destroyed or diluted prior to reaching its intended target in the body.(Nahler, 2022) Valium is metabolized by the liver, which significantly reduces the overall concentration that reaches target receptors, using different delivery routes, such as intravenous injection is one was to avoid this unwanted dilution. (Roche, 2008)
Diphenhydramine is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter cold remedies, and it is known to cause confusion, especially in older people, due to its anticholinergic effects. Acetylcholine is a prominent neurotransmitter in the brain, and anticholinergic medications, such as Benadryl, can cause inhibition resulting in confusion and short-term memory loss.(López-Álvarez et al., 2019)
Warfarin is metabolized in the kidneys and works to reduce the amount of vitamin K active in the body, thereby preventing the formation of clotting factors. Warfarin has a low molecular weight and is easily able to cross the placental barrier.(Patel et al., 2022)
Hepatic metabolism undergoes rapid changes in the first few weeks of life, with the body adjusting to a lack of maternal blood supply, as a result, “drug-metabolizing capacity by the liver enzymes is reduced in newborns particularly in premature babies but increases rapidly during the first few weeks and months of life.”(Drug Times, 2022, section 2) Many of the isoenzymes systems used in adult liver metabolism are immature at birth, with some, such as glucuronosyltransferase, no reaching adult levels until 3-6 months of age.(Lu & Rosenbaum, 2014a, Table 2)
Protein binding is reduced in neonates, which may allow for more active molecules to be absorbed at active sites, rather than to remain bound with proteins in the plasma. Due to a decreased overall number of available plasma proteins, as well a reduction in binding affinity, there are a likely high number of unbound drug molecules that are able to diffuse across membranes to active receptor sites. (Lu & Rosenbaum, 2014a)

References
Drug Times. (2022, December 19). Drug metabolism and clearance in neonates children and elderly – drug monitoring methods. https://www.drugtimes.org/monitoring-methods/drug-metabolism-and-clearance-in-neonates-children-and-elderly.html
López-Álvarez, J., Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J., & Agüera-Ortiz, L. (2019). Anticholinergic drugs in geriatric psychopharmacology. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01309
Lu, H., & Rosenbaum, S. (2014a). Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 19(4), 262–276. 
Lu, H., & Rosenbaum, S. (2014b). Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 19(4), 262–276. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.4.262
Nahler, G. (2022). First pass effect. Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 75–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_566
Patel, S., Singh, R., Patel, N., & Pruess, C. (2022). Warfarin. Statpearls. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from
Roche. (2008). 013263s083lbl [PDF]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/013263s083lbl.pdf

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

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Create a study guide for medication treatment of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychosis disorders. The assigned medication is: Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

THE ASSIGNMENT
Create a study guide for your assigned psychotropic medication agents. Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the FDA-approved and Evidenced-Based, Clinical Practice Guidelines Research but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources.

Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:

. Title page
. Description of the Psychopharmacological medication agent including brand and generic names and appropriate FDA indication uses
. Any supporting, valid and reliable research for non-FDA uses
. Drug classification
. The medication mechanism of action
. The medication pharmacokinetics
. The medication pharmacodynamics
. Mechanism of Action
. Appropriate dosing, administration route, and any considerations for dosing alterations
. Considerations of use and dosing in specific specialty populations to consider children, adolescents, elderly, pregnancy, suicidal behaviors, etc.
. Definition of Half-life, why half-life is important, and the half-life for your assigned medication
. Side effects/adverse reaction potentials
. Contraindications for use including significant drug to drug interactions
. Overdose Considerations
. Diagnostics and labs monitoring
. Comorbidities considerations
. Legal and ethical considerations
. Pertinent patient education considerations
. Reference Page

Learning Resources

Freudenreich, O., Goff, D. C., & Henderson, D. C. (2016). Antipsychotic drugs. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, & J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics (pp. 72–85). Elsevier.

American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia Links to an external site.. 
Funk, M. C., Beach, S. R., Bostwick, J. R., Celano, C. M., Hasnain, M., Pandurangi, A., Khandai, A., Taylor, A., Levenson, J. L., Riba, M., & Kovacs, R. J. (2018). Resource document on QTc prolongation and psychotropic medications Links to an external site.. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/File Library/Psychiatrists/Directories/Library-and-Archive/resource_documents/Resource-Document-2018-QTc-Prolongation-and-Psychotropic-Med.pdf

Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin Links to an external site., 13(2), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/13.2.261

Levenson, J. C., Kay, D. B., & Buysse, D. J. (2015). The pathophysiology of insomnia. Chest Links to an external site., 147(4), 1179–1192. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388122/

McClellan, J. & Stock. S. (2013). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Links to an external site., 52(9), 976–990. https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(09)62600-9/pdf

Naber, D., & Lambert, M. (2009). The CATIE and CUtLASS studies in schizophrenia: Results and implications for clinicians. CNS Drugs Links to an external site., 23(8), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200923080-00002

Utah State University. (n.d.). Creating study guides Links to an external site.. https://www.usu.edu/academic-support/test/creating_study_guides

Schedule II-V controlled substances

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You are a new FNP in a restricted state and have your DEA license, and state furnishing for schedule II-V controlled substances. You are working at a busy family practice group, and you have a patient, ML, that is establishing care for the first time with your practice and comes to you with the following scenario:

ML is a 54 y.o. Hispanic female with hx of chronic shoulder and back pain that began 10 years ago when she was in a boating accident.

She lives in both US and Mexico, making regular visits across the border. Lately, she has stayed in the US due to Covid border crossing constraints, living with her daughter’s family.

She had rotator cuff surgery in 2011 and reports to you that due to a long operation and poor positioning, she has suffered from not only pain, but also chronic numbness and tingling in her R shoulder.

As “la abuela” (grandma), she is the primary caregiver of the children and homemaker for her family. Her pain is exacerbated with housework, and especially with the prolonged carrying of her grandchildren; one of which is 10 m.o.

Currently, her med list is as follows

Losartan 50 mg BID for HTN

Gabapentin 300 mg po BID for pain

Atorvastatin 40 mg daily for cholesterol

Diazepam 5 mg po up to TID prn pain

Norco 5/325 mg – takes up to two, sometimes up to 4-5x a day, prn pain

She is a smoker, only smokes outside the house, and drinks 2-3 cans of beer on the weekends, but more on family celebrations.

She denies recreational drugs and denies past overdoses.

She has recently moved to CA more permanently to stay to take care of children during Covid/school closures.

She asks you to refill all her meds for 6 months, like her doctor in Mexico did, so she doesn’t have to make another co-pay and come back and see you so often. It’s hard for her to get an appointment, and with Covid, her daughter has to take off of work to watch the kids so that she can come to you by bus (since there is only one family car).

Here VS are 135/75, 80, 97.5, 20 and PE unremarkable other than R shoulder exam with pain with ROM, but full ROM, no tenderness, otherwise normal, back exam including SLR are normal/neg

In 600 or fewer words, but a minimum of 250, please describe your approach with this patient. In your response, include the following:

What concerns do you have about her current regimen, and what alternatives will you discuss and offer? What other screenings might you apply? What are your own ethical standards on this case that you might consider in addition to legal standards?

Provide a sample of an appropriate pain contract that would suit this patient and address her specific safety concerns (cite it and attach the actual contract you found – you do not have to make your own – there are plenty online).

Include your steps to ensure safe prescribing. Include the registry you will search prior to any prescribing; name the CA registry, and if you are in a different state, you should name that registry also.

If you were to keep her current list, what are the laws surrounding refills and the amounts you are allowed to dispense with the schedule II and III medications in the state of CA? In your own state?

Which medications on her list may you call into the pharmacy, and which would you need a written script or electronic order? What are some elements required to include on the prescription form (paper or electronic signature) for the scheduled medications?

After you prescribe, how, when, and where would you (or your staff) go about making a report of your scheduled prescription in the state registry so that other prescribers and pharmacies could be aware?

In restricted states, APRN prescribers must follow a standardized procedure or protocol for furnishing schedule II and III controlled substances with a patient-specific approach. Please outline the minimum required components of a protocol. You may outline this in bullet form. Alternatively, you may find an appropriate protocol, clinical guideline, or standardized procedure from a literature search and attach it in lieu of outlining your own protocol.