While the dorsal hollow is being formed what other structures are also being formed? Select all the correct answers. intermediate mesoderm lateral plate mesoderm development of the neural crest development of foregut, midgut, and hindgut creation of the amniotic cavity somites creation of the yolk sac
The usefulness of microvilli to cells that have them is 4. to increase their surface area for absorption B. for intracellular trafficking of molecules E.to allow specific ion transport across the cell membrane ).to aid in their locomotion E.to move substances across their surface A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.
Khowing whiat you know about the regs atory feedback loop controling boed sugar, predict what would happen following consumption of a piece of chocolate ple View Avallable Hine(s) After bating the pie. Hood sugar would be elovated and the would lead to an inceased release of insult. After eating the plat blood sagar would be eleviled, and tws wourf lad to a decteased release of insulin.
A lack of causes as the formation of collagen fibers cannot occur. vitamin B; low red blood cell count vitamin C; scurvy iron; anemia vitamin D; osteoporosis
Select all the correct answers. What embryonic structures are trans-segmental and derived from mesoderm? notochord coelom dorsal aorta gut tube lateral plate mesoderm dorsal hollow nerve tube intermediate mesoderm somite
The usefulness of microvilli to cells that have them is 4. to increase their surface area for absorption B. for intracellular trafficking of molecules E.to allow specific ion transport across the cell membrane ).to aid in their locomotion E.to move substances across their surface A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.
Trace A represents a typical action potential recorded under control conditions from a normal nerve cell in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Which of the following perturbations would explain the conversion of the response shown in traceAto the action potential shown in traceB? a. Blockade of voltage-sensitiveNa+channels b. Blockade of voltage-sensitiveK+channels c. Blockade of Na-K “leak” channels d. Addition of the voltage-sensitiveK+channels at the top of action potential e. Addition of the voltage-sensitiveCa2+channels at the top of action potential
2. Similarities between smooth and cardiac muscle include which of the following?
a. Ability to contract in the absence of an action potential b. The sources ofCa2+ions for muscle contraction c. Presence of myosin light chain kinase d. Role of myosin kinase in muscle contraction e. Striated arrangement of the actin and myosin filaments
3. Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth muscle? a. Thick- and thin- filaments arranged in sarcomeres b. Presence of Troponin ic. Elevation of intracellularCa2+concentration for excitation-contraction coupling d. Spontaneous depolarization of the membrane potential e. High degree of electrical coupling between cells
4. Smooth muscle contraction is terminated by which of the following? a. Dephosphorylation of myosin kinase b. Dephosphorylation of myosin light chain c. Efflux ofCa2+ions across the plasma membrane d. Inhibition of myosin phosphatase e. Uptake ofCa2+ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum 5. Excitation-contraction coupling is a process in which a skeletal muscle cell is stimulated to contract, and this process is followed by muscle cell relaxation. Which of the following order describes the correct order of the above events? 1. Action potential 2.Ca2+release into cytoplasm 3. Cross-bridge cycling 4. CytoplasmicCa2+removal
5. Depolarization ofTtubules a. 1-2-5-3-4 b. 1-5-2-3-4 • c. 5-4-3-1-2 d. 5-4-1-3-2 e. 4-5-1-3-2 6. Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is responsible for the tetanus? a. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) b. K+ c.Na+d. Troponin e.Ca2+f. Calmodulin
7. In contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, which of the following events occurs right after binding ofCa2+to calmodulin? a. increased intracellularCa2+concentration b. activation of myosin light chain kinase c. depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane d. opening of ligand-gatedCa2+channels e.Ca2+-inducedCa2+release 8. Which autonomic receptor mediates secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla? a. Cholinergic nicotinic receptor b. Adrenergic alpha 1 receptor c. Adrenergic beta 2 receptor d. Adrenergic beta 1 receptor e. Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
9. Which of the following statement is not true about autonomic nervous system? a. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are two groups of the autonomic nervous system b. Preganglionic nerve axon synapse with postganglionic nerve at ganglion c. Preganglionic nerve of sympathetic and parasympathetic release acetylcholine that binds nicotinic receptor on the ganglion d. Postganglionic nerve of sympathetic and parasympathetic release acetylcholine that binds muscarinic receptor on a target tissue e.
Adrenal medulla is part of sympathetic nervous system 10. Scientist is studying the properties of muscle tissue. They are able to examine a single sarcomere within a myocyte, as demonstrated in Figure A.
They then artificially induces the sarcomere to contract. When this occurs, which of the following sections (as identified by the correct letter in Figure A and correct name) will not decrease in length? a. Section C; A band b. Section C; H zone c. Section B; I band d.
Section D; I band e. Section B; A band 11. In skeletal muscle cells, which of the following has an ATPase activity? a. Myosin b. Actin c. Tropomyosin d. Troponin e. Titin 12. The diagram shows the length-tension relationship for a single sarcomere. Why is the tension development maximal between pointsBandC? a. Actin filaments are overlapping each other b. Myosin filaments are overlapping each other c. The myosin filament is at its minimal length d.
TheZdiscs of the sarcomeres are far apart from each other ‘ e. There is optimal overlap between the actin and myosin filaments 13. Which of the following best describes an attribute of visceral smooth muscle not shared by skeletal muscle? a. Contraction is ATP dependent b. Can contract in the absence of action potential c. Does not contain actin filaments d. High rate of cross-bridge cycling e. Low maximal force of contraction
14. Targets of the autonomic nervous system include all of the following except a. cardiac muscle b. adrenal medulla c. skeletal muscle d. smooth muscle in hollow organs e. blood vessel
Suppose a person had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). In 2-3 sentences, answer the following questions: – Would macromolecules get broken down? – Name at least 2 symptoms a person would have, based on your knowledge of digestion.
Create a flow chart for the process of protein synthesis that illustrates the transfer of information for building a polypeptide chain. Be sure to include all the following terms. Multiple terms may be used in some steps and some terms may be used more than once. Identify the appropriate portions of the process as transcription or translation. DNA, tRNA, mRNA, complementary base pair, anticodon, codon, amino acid, mRNA processing
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing−more than9%of the adult U.S. population currently has this disorder. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality, primarily from cardiovascular events.
The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that determines the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast or after not eating for at least 8 hours. An FPG of≥126indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes. Supposed the following test results were obtained for a screening test for diabetes with a cutoff≥126mg/dl.
Label the table with TP. FP. FN, and TN. 4. Calculate the sensitivity for this test. What does it mean in words? 5. Calculate the specificity for this test. What does it mean in words?
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