Which of the following will NOT result from sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla? A decrease in cardiac output An increase in pulmonary airflow Decreased digestion Increased heart rate Increase in gluconeogenesis Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone both act on the testes during sperm formation

This is known as Endocrine disruption Permissive effect Antagonistic effect Signal amplification Synergistic effect What is a second messenger? A hormone released by a gland under the influence of another hormone A protein that is synthesized by a cell as a result of hormonal signaling A protein found in blood plasma that binds to and transports a lipid-soluble hormone A messenger molecule that acts inside a cell in response to the binding of an extracellular messenger A receptor protein that binds to a water-soluble hormone once it has entered its target cell

Scientist is studying the properties of muscle tissue. They are able to examine a single sarcomere within a myocyte, as demonstrated in Figure$$\mathrm{A}$$. They then artificially induces the sarcomere to contract. When this occurs, which of the following sections (as identified by the correct letter in Figure A and correct name) will not decrease in length?

a. Section C; A band b. Section C; H zone c. Section B; I band d. Section D; I band e. Section B; A band 11. In skeletal muscle cells, which of the following has an ATPase activity? a. Myosin b. Actin c. Tropomyosin d. Troponin e. Titin 12. The diagram shows the length-tension relationship for a single sarcomere. Why is the tension development maximal between points B and C?

a. Actin filaments are overlapping each other b. Myosin filaments are overlapping each other c. The myosin filament is at its minimal length d. The$$\mathrm{Z}$$discs of the sarcomeres are far apart from each other e. There is optimal overlap between the actin and myosin filaments 13. Which of the following best describes an attribute of visceral smooth muscle not shared by skeletal muscle? a. Contraction is ATP dependent b. Can contract in the absence of action potential

Laboratory Assignment 1 1. Describe a negative – feedback mechanism in terms of receptor, control center and effector. Give an example of a negative – feedback mechanism in the body. 2. Describe positive feedback. Why are positive – feedback mechanisms generally harmful? Give one example each of a harmful and a beneficial positive – feedback mechanism in the body.

3. Describe the anatomical position. Why is it important to remember the anatomical position when using directional terms?

4. Define and give an example of the following directional terms: inferior, superior, anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral, proximal, distal, lateral, medial, superficial and deep. 5. A bullet enters the left side of male, passes through the left lung, and lodges in the heart. Name in order the serous membranes and the cavities through which the bullet passes.

One great way to learn the function of cellular structures is to create an analogy or metaphor between the cell and its structures and another type of large organization that you already know about…. any large organization that relies on lots of smaller parts to each do their jobs so that the larger organization can function.

So, take a minute to think about an analogy that works for you. Is your cell a hospital? If so, what job in the hospital is like the job the ribosome does? Is your cell a city? If so, what job in a city is like the job the plasma membrane does? In the space below please create an analogy for each of the cell structures you’ve learned – tell me how it’s role is like a job someone does “in the real world”.

Identify the phospholipid bilayer structures below by matching the structure to the tagged letter on the image. *Letter’s K \& L refer to the Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity of the phospholipid bilayer.