Hypothyroidism, a disease characterized by a decrease in the production of thyroid hormone, is hypothesized to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).  In a follow-up study of 1,000 men aged 55 years and older, the investigators are interested in the potential impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on the incidence of myocardial infarction. The overall cumulative incidence of CVD in this cohort was 1.8%. The cumulative incidence of CVD was 12.8% among the 47 men with subclinical hypothyroidism and 1.3% among men without hypothyroidism. The overall prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the cohort was 4.7%.

Q: Assuming causality, what proportion of CVD in men aged 55 and above with subclinical hypothyroidism can be prevented by treating all men with subclinical hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone replacement therapy? Calculate the etiologic fraction among the exposed.

You are a medical assistant at a local hospital. You have been asked to give a presentation on the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. The presentation will be open to the public so instead of presenting a real patient case, you decide to create a fictional sample case.

make a single case and list the characteristics of the person you will be testing and treating. Describe basic information about the patient including age, sex, lifestyle, and pertinent medical history.

Take the audience through the typical diagnosis and treatment of TB. Describe the person and their experience including their feelings and concerns at this time. Hospital personnel should leave the presentation to understand the physical and psychological consequences for the patient.

Without treatment, what is your patient’s lifetime risk for TB reactivation?

Your case patient has reported or has been diagnosed with another risk factor of developing active TB infection (e.g. – diabetes, HIV, organ transplant). How much does this factor increase their risk? Does it change the recommended treatment for this patient?

Explain the purpose of reports and data visualization in health care and the benefits of generating reports from gathered data. Provide an example of how to report data used in a healthcare setting.

Describe how incomplete clinical documentation, disparate electronic records, and inconsistent policy affects data acquisition and factors that can influence how often data should be collected.  Assess the information needed to perform a workflow study tied to wait times in an emergency department. Include the relevant data that would need to be acquired in order to evaluate wait times.

Explain how the humanistic approach generally, or Maslow’s hierarchy specifically, relates to your initial thoughts about being an agent of social change in your community. You can think about how humanism influences your approach to systemic issues or the role that being an agent of social change has on your views of self-actualization.

There are five major factors that can affect the action of drugs. They include age, disease, processes, nutrition, and hydration. Briefly describe the likely effect of these factors and list at least six other factors that might also impact drug action. Conduct independent research if necessary.