Describe two ethical scenarios concerning the designing or implementation of digital services in an information institution (for example a library, or archive). Based on your descriptions, please analyze these two scenarios with careful consideration of the Code of Ethics (e.g., ALA Code of Ethics, SAA Code of Ethics)and provide possible solutions for these two scenarios.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of compartmentalization. (1 pt.) a. Communication b. Fluid filled c. Isolation d. Regulation (specialization) e. Structure 2. Draw a cell membrane and label the relative concentrations ofNa,K∗,Cl. and protein on either side of the membrane. (2 pts.)
The cell membrane is made up of many different kinds of proteins. These proteins can be classified as either peripheral, transmembrane, or lipid-anchored proteins. Regardless of their classification, these proteins all play an important role in the function and integrity of a cell. Which of the following properly describes the function of membrane proteins?
( 2 pts.) to provide structural stability for the cell to allow for cell-cell communication to combine with a carbohydrate, providing an immune response and/or cell recognition to combine with lipids to form strong shells that prevent the movement of substances across the membrane lo provide a selective barrier to provide fluidity to the membrane to serve as a channel for the transport of molecules between extraceilular and intracellular fluid
4. The creation of glycogen from many glucoses is an example of (1 pt.) an exergonic reaction. an endergonic reaction. a catabolic reaction. an anabolic reaction. 5. Draw a graph of the free energy of a molecule as a function of time for an endergonic reaction. label on the graph “activation energy” and “net free energy change” (3 pts.)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of compartmentalization. (1 pt.) a. Communication b. Fluid filled c. Isolation d. Regulation (specialization) e. Structure 2. Draw a cell membrane and label the relative concentrations ofNa,K∗,Cl. and protein on either side of the membrane. (2 pts.) 3. The cell membrane is made up of many different kinds of proteins.
These proteins can be classified as either peripheral, transmembrane, or lipid-anchored proteins. Regardless of their classification, these proteins all play an important role in the function and integrity of a cell. Which of the following properly describes the function of membrane proteins? ( 2 pts.)
to provide structural stability for the cell to allow for cell-cell communication to combine with a carbohydrate, providing an immune response and/or cell recognition to combine with lipids to form strong shells that prevent the movement of substances across the membrane lo provide a selective barrier to provide fluidity to the membrane to serve as a channel for the transport of molecules between extraceilular and intracellular fluid
4. The creation of glycogen from many glucoses is an example of (1 pt.) an exergonic reaction. an endergonic reaction. a catabolic reaction. an anabolic reaction. 5. Draw a graph of the free energy of a molecule as a function of time for an endergonic reaction. label on the graph “activation energy” and “net free energy change” (3 pts.)
A 25 years old woman who is at 34 weeks’ gestation arrives at the obstetrician’s office for her routine appointment; she is accompanied by her husband. The client informs the nurse that she has some generalized abdominal discomfort and has had firm stools recently that are hard to pass and less frequent than usual. Additionally, the client reports urine leakage that is especially noticeable with coughing, laughing, or sneezing.
The client reports managing the symptoms of constipation with increased fluid intake but no other measures. The provider examines the client and determines the client demonstrates an otherwise normal assessment. The provider instructs the nurse to provide the client with directions on constipation management, including an over-the-counter stool softener and urinary incontinence related to pregnancy.
Assessment Questions
1. Identify the relevant subjective and objective assessment information related to the client’s condition and place the findings in the assessment data box below. (Recognizing Cues; Assessment)
2. Based upon assessment information, identify and prioritize the top 3 client problems. Write one client problem in each of the Client Problem boxes below. (Analyze Cues; Analysis and Prioritize Hypothesis; Planning)
3. Below each client problem, determine and enter the relevant assessment information that supports the identified client problem. (Analyze Cues; Analysis and Prioritize Hypothesis; Planning)
4. Identify important nursing interventions that should be taken to address each client problem and enter them in the related intervention box for the associated client problem. (Take Action; Implementation)
Discussion Questions
Educators may choose to instruct students to include relevant information identified during the discussion questions into the concept map.
1. Discuss special considerations to be made for clients from diverse backgrounds. (Recognize Cues; Assessment)
A. Teenage female with no support.
B. Clients from diverse backgrounds(i.e. Age, culture, socioeconomic status).
2. Identify potential client problems. (Analyze Cues; Analysis)
A. Instruct students to provide a rationale for their choices.
3. Discuss nursing interventions to address the identified potential client problems. (Generate Solutions; Planning)
A. Instruct students to provide a rationale for their choices.
4. Discuss the desired client outcomes related to the performed interventions identified in the concept map as well as for potential client problems. (Generate Solutions; Planning)
A. Discuss client responses that demonstrate an improvement of the client problem.
B. Identify client responses that indicate worsening of the client condition. (Generate Solutions; Planning)
5. Discuss safety considerations that should be included when planning care for this client (i.e. fall risk). (Generate Solutions; Planning)
6. Identify client education the nurse should provide for this client (i.e. diet, activity, ADLs). (Take Action; implementation) Discuss client outcomes you would anticipate based on the performed nursing interventions (i.e. improved SPO2 with raising head of bed, increasing amount of oxygen being delivered). Identify how achievement of client outcomes would be evaluated. (Evaluate Outcomes; Evaluation)
7. Discuss ways to modify or revise the plan of care when client outcomes are not me.(Evaluate Outcomes; Evaluation)
Concept Map
Admitting Diagnosis
Assessment Information
Client Problem 1:
Assessment information
Intervention
Client Problem 2:
Assessment information
Intervention
Client Problem 3:
Assessment information
Intervention
Anaphylaxis is a type of ‘vasogenic shock’ caused by an allergic reaction. This leads to mass vasodilation everywhere in the body, which also causes swelling of the tongue, throat and airways. Describe why a high dose of adrenaline would be used to treat this in order to reverse both the vasodilation and the airway constriction.
Ensure you include relevant receptor subtypes and their function. Hint: remember that some receptors still have affinity to other chemicals when applied at a high dose. *10 marks
Anaphylaxis is a type of ‘vasogenic shock’ caused by an allergic reaction. This leads to mass vasodilation everywhere in the body, which also causes swelling of the tongue, throat and airways. Describe why a high dose of adrenaline would be used to treat this in order to reverse both the vasodilation and the airway constriction.
Ensure you include relevant receptor subtypes and their function. Hint: remember that some receptors still have affinity to other chemicals when applied at a high dose. *10 marks
Select all options below which are correct regarding sympathetic preganglionic neurons. They reside in the brainstem. They reside in the spinal cord. They release acetylcholine. They release noradrenaline. They release adrenaline. Select all options below which are correct regarding parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
They reside in the brainstem. They reside in the spinal cord. They release acetylcholine. They release noradrenaline. They release adrenaline. Select all options below which are correct regarding THE MAJORITY OF sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Their cell bodies have nicotinic receptors.
Their cell bodies have muscarinic receptors. Their cell bodies have adrenergic receptors. They release noradrenaline. They release adrenaline. They release acetylcholine. Select all options below which are correct regarding parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. Their cell bodies have nicotinic receptors. Their cell bodies have muscarinic receptors. Their cell bodies have adrenergic receptors. They release noradrenaline. They release adrenaline. They release acetylcholine. In which of these organs/tissues would you find alpha-1 or beta-1 adrenergic receptors? Select all that apply.
The heart The digestive tract Bronchioles Blood vessels On which of these blood vessels would you find alpha-1 receptors (select all that apply)? Coronary vessels Enteric (digestive tract) vessels Renal vessels Hepatic (liver) vessels None of these vessels would present alpha-1 receptors On which of these blood vessels would you find a high proportion of beta-2 receptors? (Select all that apply).
Coronary vessels Enteric (digestive tract) vessels Renal vessels Hepatic (liver) vessels None of these vessels would present beta-2 receptors Which of the following responses are regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply). Reducing heart rate Dilation of the bronchioles Increasing digestive enzyme release Pupil constriction Penile erection Dilation of coronary blood vessels In comparison to protein hormones, steroid hormones: (Select all that apply).
Have a longer half-life Have a shorter half life Are water-soluble Are lipid-soluble Can cross the cell membrane Cannot cross the cell membrane Can interact with receptors on the cell surface Can interact with receptors in the nucleus or cytoplasm Applications (q 10-12, 2 points each): Use the below information to answer the remaining questions.
Due to government funding cuts, you have recently been appointed as head physiologist for the Centre for Disease Control, due to your unparalleled physiology knowledge and willingness to work for minimum wage. Billions of people served worldwide by the popular fast food chain McDowell’s have all fallen ill due to a mysterious chemical being used in the beef.
You are tasked with gathering as much information as possible about this chemical with a view to treating those affected. Note: When people stop eating at McDowell’s, they are no longer affected, but apparently that isn’t an option, especially at 1:00am, nor is it an option to change the beef.
The chemical leads to a dramatically increased heart rate. Through animal testing, you determine that the chemical increases heart rate by acting directly on the heart itself and affects autonomic nervous system signaling. It appears to have no direct effect on blood vessels. You have not determined if it is affecting other organ systems.
Assuming the drug only acts on one type of receptor, which of the following receptors could it potentially be acting on, given the above information?
(select all that apply): Acting on nicotinic receptors of both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. Acting on muscarinic receptors. Acting on beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Acting on beta- 2 adrenergic receptors. Acting on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Acting on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors:
Communicating with tables. I am an Amazon researcher comparing different characteristics in 5 species of frogs that live in very different environments. I use the Amazon green frog as my control since there is lots of data on this particular frog and it lives on the rainforest floor. I then compare the other frogs to this control frog. I am looking at length of back leg, the distance between the eyes (center of one eye to the center of the other eye) and the degree of webbing on the front foot.
I have collected 50 frogs of each species (including the control Amazon green frog [AGF]) and then do unpaired t-test comparisons of each characteristic in the 4 test species to the same characteristic in the control species.
The p-values from my t-test comparisons are listed below which the species and characteristics that are being compared: AGF / brown swamp frog – length of back legp=0.006AGF/yellow tree frog – distance between eyesp=0.059AGF/red river frog – webbingp=0.035AGF/spotted stone frog – webbingp=0.004AGF/spotted stone frog – length of back legp=0.0006AGF/brown swamp frog – distance between eyesp=0.152AGF/ red river frog – distance between eyesp=0.211AGF/yellow tree frog – length of back legp=0.081AGF/spotted stone frog – distance between eyesp=0.007AGF/yellow tree frog – webbingp=0.01E−15AGF/brown swamp frog – webbingp=0.003AGF/red river frog – length of back legp=0.256As you can see I am not very organized, so you need to arrange these data into a clear, concise and understandable table (Table 1) that allows the reader to quickly comprehend what I have done.
Also, somehow denote, within the table, the statistically significant comparisons using0.05as the point of significance. Generally, the independent variable is used to label rows and the dependent labels columns. Once completed, copy/paste this table underneath Figure 5 on your other document. Once you are finished, convert your other document containing your five figures and one table to a .pdf and submit it on Canvas.
The net products of glycolysis in a musele cell are:(1pt.)1NADH2 ATP 2 lactates 2 pyruvates 7. The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell’s ; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the (1.pt.) 8. When energy is released during catabolism, it is temporarily trapped in high-energy bonds of electrons of certain compounds. Which of the following is NOT associated with carrying potential energy? ( 1 pt) ATP FADFADH3NAD*NADHPhysical exercise results in skeletal muscle contraction, an active process that requires chemical energy in the form of ATP. Initially, small amounts of ATP are available within the skeletal muscle fibers.
The available ATP may sustain contractions for about 15 seconds before the ATP needs to be replenished. Cellular respiration is one mechanism by Which muscle fibers produce and replenish their ATP. Cellular respiration increases the avallability of ATP by consuming oxygen and glucose while producing water and carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct.
Thus, during exercise, as the metabolic activity of the muscle fibers increase, the concentration of oxygen in the muscle tissue decreases. Other byproducts of metabolic activity (temperature, acidity, and CO2 concentrations) likewise increase with metabolic activity. The increased presence of these metabolic byproducts is detected by specific homeostatic sensors that send out signals to the local vasculature and cause vasodilation, thereby shifting blood flow from less active tissues to the nearby exercising muscles.
The greater flow of blood into the exercising muscle resolves the oxygen loss while simultaneously removing the waste and other byproducts of the increased metabolic activity. (2 pts.) 9. Number the following 1.5 in the order in which the events occur: Blood deliver to the skeletal muscle increase in order to provide more oxygen. Skeletal muscle metabolism increases. You start to exercise. Oxygen sensors cause local blood vessels to dilate. Skeletal muscle oxygen demand increases:
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