Client with a paralytic ileus

The nurse is caring for a client with a paralytic ileus who present with severe colicky abdominal pain, nausea vomiting and abdominal distension? Which pathophysiology mechanism supports the client’s clinical presentation?
A. Ulceration of protective duodenal mucosal lining.
B. Intestinal volvulus that occurred during surgery.
C. Esophagitis due to reflux of gastric contents.
D. A history of having Helicobacter pylori infection.