Congenital Heart Diseases: Septal Defects (ASD, VSD),  Patent ductus arteriosus, and  Fallot’s tetralogy

Summarize the Congenital Heart Diseases: Septal Defects (ASD, VSD),  Patent ductus arteriosus, and  Fallot’s tetralogy in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

Cyanotic vs Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

Normal vs abnormal directions of blood flow:

Please start with a diagram that illustrates the fetal circulation, and the normal neonatal circulation showing the normal direction of blood flow.

Then follow with a series of PowerPoint slides each displaying a picture of the normal direction of blood flow on one half of the slide vs a picture of one congenital condition showing the abnormal direction of blood flow to explain and highlight cyanotic vs acyanotic congenital heart diseases.

Atrial Septal Defect, and Ventricular Septal Defect:

Pictures and description of each defect with the abnormal direction of blood flow.

Clinical picture and complications.

What could happen if the surgical correction of a significant VSD is delayed.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus:

Pictures and description of the defect with the abnormal direction of blood flow.

Clinical picture

Fallot’s Tetralogy:

Pictures and description of the FOUR defects in Fallot’s tetralogy, with the abnormal direction of blood flow to explain why this condition is a cyanotic heart disease.

Clinical picture:

This is the textbook information McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473