Intracellular and Extracellular concentrations (mM) of sodium
Problem 3 (20 points) Below is a table of intracellular and extracellular concentrations (mM) of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ions at equilibrium: You can assumeA) (10 points) Calculate the equilibrium potentials for each of the four ions, and.
B) (10 points) Assume the membrane potential of the cell is experimentally kept constant (clamped) at. What does that mean for the direction of ion flow? Discuss for each ionseparately.

