Defended Keynesian economic theories

Question 1. In his book, Road to Serfdom, Friedrich Hayek: A. Defended Keynesian economic theories. B. Promoted the welfare state as the best defense against state tyranny. C. Insisted that Free Economic Markets were essential to individual liberty. D. Praised the British Labour Party for its victory in 1945.

Question 2. What did Sartre mean by “Existence precedes Essence”? A. We are born without an essential self but we create ourselves through our actions as we move through our lives.

B. To do is to be. C. To be is to do. D. We are born with “hidden mechanisms” that shape the possibilities of what we can become as human beings. E. None of the above are true. F. Answers 1 and 2 are correct. Question 3. In The Myth of Sisyphus, Camus argued: A. That life was Absurd. B. That “we must imagine Sisyphus happy.” C. That we must have the courage to create our own life’s meaning in a meaningless universe. D. All of the above are true.

E. Answers 1 and 2 are correct. Question 4. The Political ideals of Deconstruction insisted that: A. Power relationships were myth, not reality, and therefore to be ignored in the search for truth.

B. All “truth-claims” are weapons of a powerful elite to oppress and control the masses. C. Intellectuals who support the ideals of reason and legitimate truth-claims are collaborating with the power elite to oppress the masses. D. Historical Materialism guided the progression of human political systems. E. All of the above are correct.

F. Answers 2 and 3 are correct. Question 5. Why did the Communist Party decline in power in Western Europe during the late 1950s? A. The Soviet Union’s 1956 revelation and condemnation of Stalin’s tyranny.

B. The Party’s attempted take-over of Great Britain through revolutionary violence in 1954 alienated many leftists in the rest of Europe. C. The Party’s weak retreat from Eastern Europe disillusioned hard-liners in Western Europe. D. The Party was too centrist in a postwar political culture that valued political extremes.