How does resistance exercise induce mechanical stress on skeletal

Can you explain the physiological mechanisms underlying muscle hypertrophy and the role of resistance training, mechanical tension, and muscle protein synthesis? How does resistance exercise induce mechanical stress on skeletal muscles, leading to microscopic muscle damage and the activation of satellite cells and growth factors that promote muscle repair and hypertrophy? Additionally, how do resistance training variables such as intensity, volume, and frequency influence the magnitude and rate of muscle growth and strength gains? Furthermore, how do nutritional factors like protein intake, amino acid availability, and timing of nutrient ingestion affect muscle protein synthesis and adaptation to resistance training?