Identify the morphological characteristics shared by all groups in the phylum Echinodermata

Morphological characteristics of phylum Echinodermata. Identify the morphological characteristics shared by all groups in the phylum Echinodermata.

• Define the distinguishing characteristics of chordates and vertebrates, and contrast them with the characteristics of other animal phyla.
• Explain how the duplication of Hox genes and Hox gene complexes relates to the evolution of novel characteristics and new body plans in vertebrates.