The cause of the phase of the Moon

Which of the following statements about the cause of the phase of the Moon is correct? a) The phase of the Moon depends on the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, While half of the Moon is always illuminated by the Sun, it is not always the half that is facing the Earth. b) The Moon always receives the same amount of illumination; it’s just that in some alignments the Earth casts a larger shadow on the Moon making it change phase c) The phase of the Moon depends on the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. During some alignments, only a small portion of the Moon will receive light from the Sun so it will be something less than a full Moon