Upper GI Disorders: GERD and Peptic Ulcer

Upper GI Disorders: GERD and Peptic Ulcer. Etiology: Weak lower esophageal sphincter. Discuss the factors that further weaken the sphincter and increase the possibility of acid regurgitation

This summary should cover two topics: 1- GERD.            2- Peptic Ulcer

GERD

Etiology: Weak lower esophageal sphincter. Discuss the factors that further weaken the sphincter and increase the possibility of acid regurgitation

Clinical picture: Symptoms and their rational (wherever the acid goes certain symptoms happen: acid in the esophagus, causes heart burn, at the back of tongue, causes metallic bitter taste, pharynx, causes sore throat, larynx, causes hoarseness, carina, causes irritating cough, bronchi, causes bronchospasm)

Diagnosis: Characteristic clinical picture and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring

Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: PPI: Agents to reduce gastric acidity to minimize symptoms

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Etiology: H.pylori and NSAIDs are the two main causes, and also talk about ZE syndrome

Clinical picture: Symptoms of the two types of PUD (duodenal and gastric ulcers) are very similar

Diagnosis: Upper endoscopy confirms the diagnosis and tells apart the type

The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: Deal with the cause (Avoid NSAIDs, antibiotics for H.Pylori), and reduce gastric acidity to ensure a suitable environment for the ulcer to heal

please see the instructions attached. This is the textbook information McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473