“A primigravida at 43 weeks’ gestation was admitted for labor induction by intravenous Pitocin therapy three hours ago. On observation on the external monitor tracing, the nurse notes that with the last two contractions, the fetal heart rate decreased after the contraction peak and returned to baseline after the contraction ended. A decrease in variability is also noted. What is the pattern identified by the nurse and the possible reasons responsible for it? What actions should the nurse take?”

Your patient reports to you that they are struggling with a work/life balance. They state “I know I need to eat write and exercise, but I struggle. For this you want to use motivational interviewing to assess diet/exercise. Explain what is motivational interviewing based on assessing the patient diet/exercise.

Using the Open-ended questions, Affirming, Reflective listening, and Summarizing(OARS) method of motivational interviewing what are some things that you can ask using this method in assessing diet/exercise. (Include specific questions for the OARS)

Michael, a 45 year old, could not believe his ears when the healthcare provider told him he had Parkinson’s disease. “Isn’t that an old person’s disease?” he asked. However, he knew something had been very wrong for about 3 months. At first he Feld more tiered than usual, he had noticed a slight tremor, especially when he became fatigued. Michael’s wife pointed out that his “hand shakes” were getting worse. Like many people first diagnosed with a degenerative nervous system disease, Michael has many questions and concerns. Following are just a few of his questions. As his nurse, how would you respond? Answer the following questions.

1. What physiologic problem causes Parkinson’s disease and what is the etiology of the disease? How could a nurse describe this etiology to Michael?
2. Eventually, Michael is prescribed levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet) for his Parkinsonism. How does this medication work? What is the advantage of combining the two medications?
3. What drug-related adverse effects would you discuss with Michael?

In most African countries, teen pregnancies have been on the rise. Birth control education started in middle schools and high schools  in an attempt to curb teen pregnancy. Explain why the rate of teen pregnancy still high in those countries.