Skin disorders: Dermatitis and skin Malignancies

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Summarize Skin disorders: Different types of Dermatitis and Skin malignancies in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

This summary should cover two topics: 1. Different types of Dermatitis.         2. Skin malignancies

 

Dermatitis

Types: Atopic dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis

Stasis dermatitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Etiology& pathogenesis of each type:

Clinical Picture of each type: Use pictures of the lesions seen in each type with their description

Diagnosis: by the C/P

 

Skin malignancy

Types: Basal cell carcinoma.       Squamous cell carcinoma.          Melanoma

Clinical picture of each type: Use pictures

As for Melanoma focus on the criteria of malignant transformation of a benign nevus to a malignant one.

Diagnosis: Skin biopsy

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

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Summarize Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

This summary should cover hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, for each, you need to talk about:

  1. Etiology:
  • Most common causes of hypothyroidism in the U.S.
  • Most common causes of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.
  1. Pathogenesis:

Talk about the steps and the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of hypo-& hyperthyroidism and resulting in the clinical picture.

  1. Clinical Picture:
  • Signs& Symptoms: of Hypo- vs hyperthyroidism.
  • Complications of hypothyroidism: Myxedema coma
  • Complications of hyperthyroidism: Thyroid storm
  1. Diagnosis:
  • Measuring thyroid hormone levels and TSH and how to interpret results to differentiate between primary and secondary hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
  • How to follow up the prognosis and response to treatment.
  1. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment:

Explain why we use certain medications for treating hypo-& hyperthyroidism in the light of understanding the pathophysiology involved.

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Types 1 and 2 Diabetes

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Summarize Types 1 and 2 Diabetes in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

  1. Etiology:
  • Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes
  • Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes

 

  1. Pathogenesis:

For both types, explain how the etiology results in the blood chemistry disturbance and produce the clinical symptoms.

  1. Clinical Picture:
  • Signs and symptoms of diabetes. (most common presentations of both types)
  • Complications of diabetes: Hypoglycemic crisis, hyperglycemic crises, macrovascular complications, microvascular complications.
  1. Diagnosis:
  • Diagnosis of diabetes& screening: Fasting vs random blood sugar
  • Follow up: role of HGB-A1C
  1. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment:

How does the pathophysiology involved in each type of diabetes affect the choice of treatment (Insulin vs non-insulin therapy)

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Medical Errors

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Impact of Selected Issues (Medical Errors) on the Health of the Public

There are many challenges facing our nation today as the president and Congress set priorities for their legislative agenda. These challenges include critical issues related to healthcare.

This paper will specifically address the issues (Medical errors) that impact the health of the public in the United States.

Identify an issue that impacts or has an effect on the health of the public in our country from your readings in the New York Times. Review of the Literature Research the issue in terms of background information (who, what, when, where, how) using a minimum of two (2) professional journals.

Discuss the pros and cons of the issue. Follow the discussion of the issue over a period of time using a minimum of three (3) New York Times articles. At least one of the three New York Times articles has to have been published within the last six months.  Also, select one (1) website which provides you with legitimate information on your topic.

A Minimum of 6 References: New York Times BLOGS articles are not allowed. When selecting your professional journal articles, conduct a literature search using at least 3 electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed, professional journal articles on the topic you are writing about. Limit your journal articles to those published within the past five (5) years and your websites to those updated within the past five (5) years.

Conclusions and Recommendations:  What conclusions can you draw from your readings? What recommendations can you make to policymakers? Submit a 4-5 page, double-spaced, typewritten paper which addresses all of the above areas. Print your final copy on one side of the paper only.

The Concept of Comfort in spiritual care

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Write the theological literature review on the Concept of Comfort in spiritual care. The theological literature should be based on Comfort. It is the theological Analysis of the Spiritual Concept of Comfort. Adopt the following:

1. Introduction to concept/definition of the concept in OED
2. Conduct a literature search of the academic theological literature (e.g., ATLA database, J-
Store database) for your concept.
3. Choose 20 articles to survey (a literature review)
4. Analyze these articles for their understanding of your concept
5. Write an analysis and synthesis of your concept based on the theological literature.

Lipids and triglycerides are energy-giving fats

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Lipids and triglycerides are energy-giving fats obtained from energy-giving food. Discuss Patient Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, and Medications (its side effects) for Lipids and triglycerides

COVID-19 vaccines should be mandatory for all healthcare workers

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Should COVID-19 vaccines be mandatory for all healthcare workers? Yes, COVID-19 vaccines should be mandatory for all healthcare workers except for certain medical and religious exemptions.

Infections and Immunization & Vaccination

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Summarize the Infections and Immunization & Vaccination in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

This summary should cover the following two topics:

  1. Infections: General introduction to infections
  2. Immunization & Vaccination.

 

Infections: Talk about the following IN GENERAL:

  • Etiology: different causes of infections (Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) giving examples of each
  • Pathogenesis: The steps of any infection (Colonization, invasion…..etc. Please check your Textbook)
  • Clinical Picture: Incubation, prodrome, actual signs and symptoms, recovery.
  • Diagnosis: CBC & Differential (How this can help differentiate bacterial, from viral, fungal or parasitic infections).
  • The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: Antimicrobials (Antibiotics for bacterial infections, an antiviral for viral infections, ……etc)

 

Immunization & Vaccination:

  • The 4 types of immunity: 1. Natural Passive Immunity. Natural Active Immunity.

3. Artificial Passive Immunity.            4. Artificial Active Immunity

– Differences between immunization & vaccination. Indications (prophylaxis and post-exposure

prophylaxis)

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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Summarize the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

 

  1. Etiology: Type of the causative virus and its characteristics. Mode of transmission.

 

  1. Pathogenesis: Which cell is infected by the virus (The CD-4 cell), and what are the steps the virus takes to infect this cell and reproduce inside (1. entry, 2. reverse-transcription, 3. Integration, 4. Assembly and release). The sequelae of infecting the CD-4 cells and how this affects the immune system.

 

  1. Clinical Picture: of HIV infection and the clinical picture of AIDS

 

  1. Diagnosis: Diagnostics to diagnose HIV, diagnose AIDS, and follow up the condition and prognosis.

 

  1. The pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: examples of drugs working at each of the 4 steps the virus takes to infect the CD-4 cell.

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473

Genetic Diseases: Hemophilia A and Huntington’s disease and Cystic fibrosis

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Summarize Genetic Diseases: Hemophilia A and Huntington’s Disease and cystic fibrosis in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment rationale.

 

The 5 General Topics of Disease Summary
1. Etiology & risk factors
2. Pathogenesis: The molecular mechanism of the disease process (How the disease process evolves)
3. Clinical Picture: Signs& Symptoms, Sequelae, and Complications
4. Diagnosis: Labs & tests (as well as screening tests and follow-up tests whenever applicable)
5. Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment

The summary should cover the following 3 genetic diseases:

  • Hemophilia A is an example of X-linked recessive genetic disease
  • Huntington’s Disease as an example of autosomal dominant genetic disease
  • Cystic fibrosis as an example of autosomal recessive genetic disease

 

  • For each disease you need to cover topics through 5. In the above-mentioned table.
  • Etiology: talk about the gene responsible for the disease (which chromosome, the exact location of the gene on the chromosome, and the type of mutation)
  • Pathogenesis: talk about the mechanism by which the mutant abnormal gene leads to the development of the clinical picture of each disease
  • Clinical Picture: S&S, sequalae and complications of each disease
  • Diagnosis: Tests done to diagnose each disease
  • Pathophysiologic rationale of treatment: e.g we use recombinant factor VIII for treating patients with Hemophilia A since they lack that clotting factor because of a genetic mutation……and so on.

 

  • For each disease talk about the Mode of inheritance and recurrence risk: e. what’s the possibility of having normal kids/diseased kids/carrier kids…..etc

 

This is the textbook for information:

McCance, K.L., Huether, S. E. (2018) Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. (8th Ed) St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby ISBN-13: 978-0323583473 ISBN-10: 9780323583473