The surface gravity of an object, which technically is the acceleration of gravity at the object’s surface, depends on the mass of the object and its radius.

1) You discover two stars, Star A and Star B. They both have the same radius, but Star B has a larger mass than Star A. Is the surface gravity of Star B larger than, smaller than, or the same as the surface gravity of Star A? Explain your answer.

2)  At some point in the future, the Sun will shrink so that its radius is about 100 times smaller than it is now, but its mass will be essentially unchanged. Will the surface gravity of the smaller Sun be larger than, smaller than, or the same as the surface gravity of the current Sun? Explain your answer.

Newton demonstrated that the gravitational force is responsible for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Consider Kepler’s 3rd law (in its original form): p² = a³, and then the form Newton derived for it. Because the Sun’s mass plays a role in determining the p values for a given value of a, comparing values of p and a for planets around other stars can provide insight into whether that star is more or less massive than the Sun. Rank the hypothetical planets based on their host star’s mass by examining their semimajor axis (a) and period (p) values.

Calculate the rotational velocity of Jupiter in kilometers per hour (km/h). Show your work. 40) Convert both
of the rotational velocities you determined in questions 20 and 21 to miles per hour (mi/hr), then calculate how
many times faster Jupiter rotates than the earth rotates. il km 0.62 mi] Show your work.

This week let’s explore a strange place where time and space swap fundamental characters, inside a black hole. Start with this article https://www.space.com/what-happens-black-hole-center Links to an external site. and then research either a gravastar or a Planck star. Your original post should contain at least the most interesting things you found in your research as well as one original opinion you have regarding those things and one question it raised for you.

You’re welcome to use any reputable scientific news source (major newspapers, Scientific American, Physics Today, National Geographic, etc.) or sites that aggregate astronomy news. Here are some good starting points:

• Spaceref.com: Good Astronomy news site
• Science Daily: Astronomy (and other science) news
• Spaceflight Now: Cool news on space flights

For this discussion, it is especially important that you reference your source, but just like before, a URL is an acceptable reference for these discussions.

Please provide written explanations for all conceptual questions. Could one please show all of their work for any mathematical calculations so I can understand?

1. The diameter of the Sun is 1.4  106 km, and the distance between the sun and the Epsilon Eridani star is 10.47 ly. Calculate how many Suns it would take, laid side by side, to reach the Epsilon Eridani star. Use scientific notation
2. At what distance is an object if its parallax, as measured from either end of a 1000-km baseline, is (a) 1°; (b) 1; (c) 1(5 mars)?
3. On November 1 at 11:00 P.M., you look toward the eastern horizon and see the bright star Mintaka rising. At approximately what time will Mintaka rise one week later, on November 8? Explain the answer.
4. The photograph of the Earth shown below was taken by the crew of the Apollo 8 spacecraft as they orbited the Moon in 1968. A portion of the lunar surface is visible on the right-hand side of the photo. In this photo, the Earth is oriented with its North Pole approximately at the top. When this photo was taken, what was the phase of the Moon as seen from Earth? Explain the answer with a diagram.

5. What is the maximum possible angle of elevation of the Sun above the horizon at the North Pole? Explain