Discuss the contributions of microorganisms to biogeochemical cycles

Discuss the contributions of microorganisms to biogeochemical cycles, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. How do microbial metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization, drive nutrient transformations and ecosystem productivity? Explore the ecological significance of microbial biogeochemistry in global nutrient cycles and climate regulation.