How do thermal sensors in the skin and core body tissues detect changes in temperature

Can you explain the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of body temperature and the roles of thermoreceptors, hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers, and effector responses? How do thermal sensors in the skin and core body tissues detect changes in temperature and relay signals to the hypothalamus, which integrates thermal inputs and initiates autonomic and behavioral responses to maintain thermal equilibrium? Additionally, how do effector mechanisms such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, sweating, and shivering modulate heat loss or retention to adjust body temperature in response to environmental conditions or metabolic demands? Furthermore, how do factors like age, gender, and acclimatization influence individual variations in thermoregulatory responses and susceptibility to heat-related illnesses or cold exposure?