Describe the maintenance of blood glucose

Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of blood glucose levels, including the roles of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones. How does pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake by target tissues and storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles? Conversely, how does the pancreas release glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels, stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose concentrations? Additionally, how do hormones such as cortisol, growth hormone, and catecholamines modulate glucose metabolism and contribute toDescribe the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis during fasting, stress, and exercise?