Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Calvin-Benson cycle and gluconeogenesis? A. Both occur in animals. B. Both contribute to de novo glucose synthesis. C. Both are exergonic processes. D. Both are catabolic processes. 2. Dietary fiber affects health in the following waysexcept​. A. inhibits de novo cholesterol biosynthesis B. suppresses the release of insulin

C. decreases the rate of glucose release into the blood D. increases symptoms of the metabolic syndrome E. decreases transit time of dietary matter through the alimentary canal

3. The following are correct regarding glycogen synthesis except

A. glycogen branch chains are formed with$$\alpha -1-6$$bonds B. UDP-glucose is a substrate in a reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthase that adds a glucosyl unit to the nonreducing end of a glycogen chain

C. the first glucosyl unit in a new glycogen polymer is added to the tyrosine residue of glycogenin D. the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate traps the glucose molecule in the muscle cell E. the active form of glycogen synthase is phosphorylated 4. Dietary carbohydrate enters the blood from the small intestinal epithelial cells by A. facilitated diffusion by sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins B. active transport C. diffusion D. osmosis

5. The following are correct regarding roles of carbohydrate in metabolism except A. carbohydrate stored as glycogen is the dominant energy substrate for vigorous intensity exercise B. adequate carbohydrate provides sufficient concentrations of TCA (Krebs) cycle intermediates. C. glycogen depletion during prolonged high intensity exercise is associated with increased performance, decreased [free fatty acids] and increased blood [glucose]. D. carbohydrate is the preferred energy substrate for the central nervous system E. absorption of dietary carbohydrates occurs in the upper sections (duodenum and jejunum) of the small intestine.

What is (are) the primary function(s) of each of the eleven body systems? a) Integumentary – proticting body from bacteria, intection. ingury$$\$$$b) Skeletal – supports structore for the body c) Muscular – responsible for movement d) Nervous – helps all the parts of the body to communicate with e) Endocrine – f) Cardiovascular – delivers oxygen, numents, hormorest

g) Immune – defends the body against infection, whilst protecting h) Respiratory – facilicate gas et enange from the enuroment i) Digestive in breaks nutherts be bis k) Reproductive blood and create uire as a waste by-product. k) Reproductive – to produce egg and sperm cells 3. What are some examples of interactions between different systems listed above? Try to think of one examples not mentioned in the reading / PowerPoint notes.

Describe the process that occurs when a person is involved in an accident in terms of cell injury.Which particular cells will be affected .Explain the reasons that will account for the loss of function of the legs even after a week. Can his situation be reversed as his legs become slimmer and is unable to walk , while his arms become bigger and functional .What should be done to reverse his situation if possible.

Research demonstrates that the social-ecological model does not apply to persons with opioid use disorder during COVID-19. True False Research demonstrates that social factors have an important influence on COVID-19 vaccine intentions. True False Research demonstrates that political ideology is significantly associated with vaccine intention. True False The individual level is the only level of the social-ecological model that influences COVID-19 mask-wearing behavior. True False

Why is it important to eat a well-balanced diet that provides the lesser elements as well as trace elements to the body? 28. Prepare a table that includes: the names of the four main types of biological molecules (macromolecule), the elements they contain, their monomers, functions, examples of each.

29. Sucrose is a disaccharide, consisting of glucose and fructose (each of which has the chemical formulaC6​H12​O6​, but different structures) covalently bonded together by dehydration synthesis. Explain why the chemical formula for sucrose isC12​H22​O11​