The Nervous System The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. This is the most complex of the body’s organs and it is the body’s communication system. Nerves that branch out from the spinal cord are called the peripheral nervous system. The subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are called somatic and autonomic. These functions control breathing, digestion, and muscle movement. The nervous system enables the body to respond to light, sound, and changes in temperature. Migraine headaches are a disease of the nervous system. Migraines tend to be more common in women than in men and begin earlier on in life. The pain is usually moderate to severe on one or both sides of the head plus it can cause sensitivity to light, sounds, and smells, and may cause nausea and vomiting. In addition, they may cause numbness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Some causes are believed to be hereditary, lack of diet, lack of sleep, weather changes, hormone changes, and stress just to name a few. Some treatments for migraines include analgesics (aspirin and acetaminophen), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ergotamine, and metoclopramide just to name a few. Most Triptans have a half-life of about 2 hours. Riztriptan is available in tablet form or rapid-dissolve form. In addition, lying down in a cold dark room with no noise can be helpful. References: Zelman, M., Tompary, E., Raymond, J., Holdaway, P., Mulvihill, M. L., (2010). Human Diseases A Systematic Approach(7th ed.) Pearson. Gersch, C., Heimgartner, N.M., Reber, C.R., Willis, L.M. (2017). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! (4th ed.) Wolters Kluwer

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines have been a cornerstone of public health and nutrition policy in the United States for decades. These guidelines are periodically updated to reflect the latest scientific research on nutrition and health. However, as our understanding of nutrition evolves and societal norms change, it’s essential to critically evaluate the impact and relevance of these guidelines in contemporary society. This week, our Discussion will focus on two(2) points: 1. Do you believe the U.S. Dietary Guidelines effectively promote overall heath and well-being? Why or why not? What evidence or personal experiences support your view on the effectiveness of these Guidelines? 2. Do you think the U.S. Dietary Guidelines are effectively communicated to the public and do people understand them? What can be done (if anything) to improve nutrition education and awareness surrounding the Guidelines? While this topic can be uploaded to ChatGPT or any other Al processing tool

An attending physician and an adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioner (AGACNP) are discussing the plan of care for a patient with acute kidney injury who needs an imaging study with intravenous contrast. The attending physician would like to proceed with the imaging study, however, the AGACNP prefers to wait until the patient’s acute kidney injury resolves. Which of the following actions by the AGACNP demonstrates proper conflict resolution? The AGACNP should discuss the risk versus benefit of ordering the imaging study with contrast with the attending physician in order to reach a consensus The AGACNP should include the patient and ask which option they are amenable to The AGACNP should order the imaging with contrast and ensure the patient receives pretreatment with intravenous fluids prior to and after the scan The AGACNP should wait until the acute kidney injury has resolved and kidney function is at the patient’s baseline

The following are adverse effects of muscle relaxants EXCEPT: Dizziness Increased fracture risk Sedation Hypertension 2. What is common side effect of gabapentin (Neurontin)? Fatigue or sedation Neuropathic pain Weight loss Muscle spasms 3. The following are common side effect of diuretic use EXCEPT: Orthostatic hypotension Dehydration Headache Blunted heart rate 4. A 75-year-old patient reports they are getting a cold and asks you about the best medication to take. Which is the LEAST appropriate response? Review their current medications before recommending an OTC treatment. Tell the patient you cannot make recommendations regarding medications. Tell the patient to talk to their pharmacist or healthcare provider. Educate them that OTC medications can cause medication interactions and adverse effects. 5. Which of the following medications is a beta blocker? Thiazide Verapamil Atenolol Digoxin

All the following statements related to LAs’ CNS toxicity are correct EXCEPT which one? A. The excitatory CNS effects of LAs are characterized by lightheadedness, restlessness, anxiety, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, twitching, tremors, and rarely convulsions. B. The excitatory manifestations of LAs’ CNS toxicity are prolonged. C. CNS depressant effects of LAs include drowsiness progressing to unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and finally, respiratory arrest. D. LAs’ CNS toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, chills, and miosis.